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Abstract: According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world. Therefore, early prevention of these diseases is a public health priority. Epidemiological data suggest that insomnia may be a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. A randomized controlled trial in a sample of insomnia patients without cardiovascular disease was conducted to investigate the effects of insomnia treatment on early markers of cardiovascular diseases assessed by 24-hr ambulatory blood pressure, heart rate and heart rate variability monitoring, and morning fasting blood samples. Forty-six patients with insomnia disorder were randomized to cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I; n = 23) or a waitlist control condition (n = 23). Contrary to the hypothesis, intention-to-treat analyses did not show any significant treatment effects on early markers of cardiovascular disease (d = 0.0-0.6) despite successful insomnia treatment (d = 1.3). Potential methodological and conceptual reasons for these negative findings are discussed. Future studies might include larger sample sizes that are at risk of cardiovascular diseases and focus on other cardiovascular markers