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Russia might try to manipulate and divide U.S. voters via social media during the U.S. political campaign season of 2020. Given these past and likely extant threats to U.S. elections, the California Governor's Office of Emergency Services asked RAND researchers to help analyze, forecast, and mitigate threats by foreign actors targeting local, state, and national elections. This report, the first of four in a series, reviews some of the research on information efforts by foreign actors, focusing mainly on Russia and online environments. This material is aimed at helping policymakers and the public understand-and mitigate-the threat of online foreign interference in national, state, and local elections.