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Brain imaging is a vanguard and promising topic with uncountable applications in several fields. This project is driven by the development of a new brain imaging technique that could provide activity information with spatial resolution using microwaves. Being cognition based on the action potential phenomenon, in order to see whether its effects on the dielectric properties of the medium are visible, a plant capable of propagating action potentials is used as experimental subject, constituting the main body of the thesis. With the experimental results, the investigation is taken to the next step on actual neurons in neuronal cultures whose results will determine whether the method is viable or not. In this thesis there can be found, first, a theoretical introduction on action potentials in both human neurons and plants. Then, there is a thorough explanation of the different experiments designed in order to detect plant action potentials in two different simultaneous ways together with the discussion of the obtained results and possible setup enhancements. Finally, there is the design of the experiments with neuronal cultures optimized with the collected information from the plant experiments in order to achieve better results.