This study aims to explore the Factors Affecting Women's Participation in Leadership Positions in non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Iraq. The objective is to assess these factors comprehensively and propose strategies for enhancing women's leadership representation. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, utilizing qualitative data collected through written feedback and quantitative data collected through surveys. The study is conducted in the context of Iraq. focusing on the socio-cultural, personal, and institutional dimensions affecting women's access to leadership roles. The target population consists of women employed in NGOs across Iraq, with a sample size determined through nonprobability sampling methods. Out of the 284 participants included in the study, 104 were females, constituting approximately 36.6% of the sample, while 180 were males, representing about 63.4% of he sample. Data is collected through surveys and written feedback, allowing for a holistic understanding of women's experiences and perceptions in leadership. Among the respondents to the survey on women's participation in leadership positions within Iraqi NGOs, a total of 284 individua's participated. Of these, 134 individuals provided written feedback, which accounts for approximately 47% of the total respondents. On the other hand, 150 respondents, constituting roughly 53% of the total, did not provide written feedback. This written feedback is considered as qualitative data and supplements the quantitative data, providing deeper insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by women in leadership. The findings reveal various systemic barriers hindering women's participation in leadership, including cultural norms, personal constraints, and institutional biases. Recommendations are provided for policymakers, organizational leaders, and civil society actors to implement gender-sensitive policies and leadership development programs aimed at fostering inclusive leadership dynamics. Overall the study contributes to advancing gender equity and organizational effectiveness in the Iraqi context.