The doctoral dissertation of Anna Mambelli focuses on the Hellenistic context and the meaning of the dream reports in Daniel (Dan) 2 and 4 in its two complete Greek versions, known respectively as the Old Greek (OG) and Theodotion. This joint PhD dissertation (cotutelle) is supervised by Luca Mazzinghi, Professor of Old Testament at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, and Eberhard Bons, Professor of Old Testament at the University of Strasbourg and editor of the Historical and Theological Lexicon of the Septuagint (Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen), a FSCIRE (= Fondazione per le scienze religiose Giovanni XXIII, Bologna) research project coordinated by Anna Mambelli and Daniela Scialabba. The main question that the dissertation intends to answer is whether it is possible to identify, in either or both of the ancient Greek versions of Daniel, intentional changes and innovations in the dream vocabulary that can be attributable to the translator(s) alone and that have narrative, exegetical and even theological consequences. This key issue explains why the careful philological and linguistic analysis of Dan 2 and 4 in its Greek versions and the constant comparison between each of them and the Aramaic Vorlage are constantly accompanied by the exegetical and historical investigation. Not only does this study reveal the Greek linguistic sensibility and the vast literary and rhetorical culture of the OG translator: it also reveals the latter's sarcastic vein and the historical-theological perspective he intends to convey. The OG does not betray the Aramaic text of Daniel but gives it a specific literary profile and actualises its message making it accessible to “new” recipients, i.e. the Alexandrian Jewish community to which the translator himself belongs. The specific meaning that OG attributes to Nebuchadnezzar's dreams, as well as to the characters and symbols that populate those dreams, are illuminated in this dissertation by repeated comparisons with texts of archaic, classical and Hellenistic Greek literature, Greek papyri from Ptolemaic Egypt and other extra-biblical sources.