As the Coordinator of PPI Dunia 2023/2024, it is with great pleasure that I introduce “Building Indonesia Emas 2045 through Health Science and Technology,” a visionary work that delves into the integral role of health science and technology in our nation’s journey toward becoming a leading global power by 2045. This book, authored by the esteemed members of the Health Commission of the Directorate of Research and Studies, PPI Dunia 2022/2023, represents a critical milestone in our ongoing efforts to contribute to Indonesia’s sustainable development and long-term prosperity. The development of this book during the previous administration and its publication under our current leadership highlights the seamless collaboration and shared vision within PPI Dunia. We recognize and honor the efforts of our predecessors while embracing the responsibility to advance their work and ensure its impact on our national agenda. The pursuit of “Indonesia Emas 2045” requires an unwavering commitment to harnessing the potential of health science and technology. This book provides a thorough analysis of the current landscape, identifies key challenges, and offers practical strategies to overcome them. It serves as a roadmap for policymakers, academics, industry leaders, and civil society to work collaboratively towards a common goal: a healthier, more technologically advanced, and prosperous Indonesia. Our nation’s future hinges on our ability to innovate and adapt. By prioritizing health science and technology, we can address critical issues such as healthcare accessibility, disease prevention, and the development of a robust healthcare infrastructure. Moreover, fostering a culture of scientific literacy and innovation is essential for empowering our citizens to actively participate in and contribute to our nation’s growth. I commend the authors for their dedication and insightful contributions, which reflect the high standards of scholarship and commitment to excellence that PPI Dunia upholds. I also extend my gratitude to the readers and stakeholders who will engage with this work, using its insights to drive forward the initiatives that will shape Indonesia’s future. May this book inspire a collective effort to realize the vision of “Indonesia Emas 2045,” where health science and technology serve as the cornerstone of our nation’s progress. Together, let us build an Indonesia that is not only golden in name but also in its achievements, innovations, and the well-being of its people

Background: Routinely collected health data are increasingly used for clinical or epidemiological research. However, no study has systematically reviewed the temporal trends of the number of publications, databases, characteristics of study cohorts, methodology, outcomes, data governance, research ethics committee (REC) approval, and variations of practice therein in Hong Kong.Methods: PubMed was systematically searched from its inception to 28th March 2023 for studies using routinely collected healthcare data in Hong Kong. Studies using non-routinely collected data were excluded. A hypothetical situation in which a healthcare system requires ethics approval from different RECs to review identical applications is proposed. Counterfactual analysis was conducted to estimate the costs saved by not requiring repeated reviews of identical ethics applications.Results: A total of 1757 entries were retrieved. Of these, 451 met the inclusion criteria. An additional search yielded three extra studies. In total 454 studies were included for analysis. The first population-based study was published in 1989. Between 2000 and 2009, 32 studies were identified (2002: n=4; 2003: n=5; 2004: n=2; 2005: n=5; 2006: n=2; 2007: n=6; 2008: n=7; 2009: n=1). There was an increase in the number of publications from 5 to 120 between 2010 and 2022. Of the investigator-led studies using Hospital Authority (HA)'s cross-cluster data (n=393), 327 (83.2%) reported having ethics approval from a single cluster/university-based REC, whilst 50 studies (12.7%) did not report obtaining any approval from a REC. To use HADCL, approval by a single hospital-based or University-based REC is accepted. Repeated submissions of identical ethics applications to different REC are estimated to cost $4.2 million HKD yearly.Conclusions: A significant increase in the outputs using routinely collected health data from Hong Kong is observed. Most studies reported holding approval from a single cluster REC before retrieval of cross-cluster HA data. Counterfactual inference indicates significant savings upon removing the requirements of repeated reviews of identical ethics applications.