Comparison of data collecting and measurement methodology and definitions used for calculating unemployment rates in Germany, Federal Republic and the USA - describes data collecting systems and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics adjustment method; compares national and ILO definitions; discusses effect of short time working and early retirement programmes, and the incidence of underemployment and disguised unemployment in German unemployment rates. References, statistical tables.

Comparison and statistical analysis of employment rates in the USA and in Germany, Federal Republic - examines the efficiency and reliability of international data collecting methodologys, and considers definitions and measurement of quota of unemployed and the interpretation from a labour statistics point of view. ILO mentioned. Bibliography pp. 169 to 175 and statistical tables.

Abstract: Oil exporting developing countries have the common problem of how best to transform their valuable but nonrenewable oil reserves into a permanent flow of income for achieving their long term development objectives. The most fundamental dynamic choices of these economies can be summarized in three basic questions: (i) how much to extract, (ii) how much to invest, and (iii) where to invest. In other words, a sustainable development path in the case of these economies involves the optimal depletion of their exhaustible resource, allocation of revenues generated by the resource, and the optimal composition of their investment funds. This study presents a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to explore issues related to economic development within a given window of time in these resource dependent economies by focusing on the case of Iran. The proposed model consists of a price endogenous CGE model, simulating workings of a market economy, embedded in an optimal extraction model of an exhaustible resource. The model is benchmarked for the Iranian data and is used to examine the issues related to optimal extraction of an exhaustible resource, optimal savings in the economy, and the allocation of investment funds. Our interest is with general equilibrium effects of oil extraction and investment policies within a window of time during which the oil reserves abound and the oil sector plays a crucial role in the economy. The model will be used to explore how changes in the extraction costs, discount rate, and in the structure of the model might affect the depletion profile of the exhaustible resource. It will also examine the effects of adopting various government savings policies, changes in the level of responsiveness of the financial markets, and changes in the absorptive capacity of the economy on the optimal savings path. The model also explores the effects of quotas on oil exports and finds the compensating oil price increase. A simulation experiment with the model shows that the Iranian economy would have been better off if it had allocated sectoral investment following a simple rule of relative sector profitability rather than following the centrally planned strategies of industrialization prior to the Islamic revolution of 1979.

This paper expands the literature on agglomeration economies in three ways. It disentangles amenity and productivity effects of agglomeration; it decomposes aggregate scale effects into agglomeration factors of interest to policy makers; and it estimates own effects and spillovers to neighbors. It proposes a spatial simultaneous equations model in a spatial equilibrium framework with three agents - workers, consumers, and producers of traded-goods and housing. Results for Ohio counties estimate economies resulting from population size, agglomeration causes, and public service quality and cost on each of the three agents in own and neighboring counties.