Coalbeds exhibit a directional permeability, with the maximum permeability oriented parallel to the face cleat. Thus, the most efficient pattern of vertical degasification holes for a coalbed is dependent upon cleat orientation. Surface joints, infrared photolinears, and Ronchi grating photolinears were investigated as potential estimators of subsurface cleat orientation.
The Lower Kittanning coal bed is in Ohio, West Virginia, western Pennsylvania, and western Maryland and is an important economic coal bed in the northern part of the Appalachian Basin. It is of additional importance because it is one of the coal beds that has potential for coalbed methane development within the Allegheny Group throughout most of the Appalachian foreland basin in Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Maryland.
- Arthur W. Hall, Carlon Sanford Land, Charles M. McCulloch, D. E. Siskind, David J. MacDonald, Donald N. H. Chi, Edward D. Thimons, Francis R. McDonald, George E. Fasching, Harry V. Makar, James E. Murphy, James R. McVey, John C. Edwards, John E. Kelley, Lawrence E. Schultze, R. V. Subramanian, Russell E. Griffin, Vernon R. Miller, Donald J. Bauer, Francis M. Carlson, Frank P. Haver, Fred N. Kissell, Gary R. Friggens, George H. Patton, Henry E. Perlee, Raymond E. Brown, Richard J. Bielicki, Robert Blickensderfer, Robert F. Chaiken, Robert R. Fumanti, Robert W. Nash, A. E. Schwaneke, Morton Min Wong, Richard Edward Lindstrom
· 1973
- Alan J. Leighton, Brent W. Madsen, Charles M. McCulloch, Edward G. King, Hyman Schultz, J. M. Stuve, John M. Gomes, Kuppusamy Thirumalai, Philip Cocran Tully, R. D. Saltsman, Richard J. Bielicki, Robert M. Ray, Webster S. Anderson, Zachary J. Fink, Dale W. Richardson, David T. Adler, Edward D. Thimons, Grant Lamont Anderson, Herbert B. Carroll, Joseph Grumer, Kenji Uchida, Michael John Ferrante, P. M. Sullivan, Ralph V. Higgins, Rees D. Groves, Sam G. Demou, F. E Walker, Fred N. Kissell, Frederick E. Armstrong, L. B. Pankratz, Morton Min Wong, Richard L. Fischer
· 1975
- Charles M. McCulloch, Bernard J. Scheiner, David Schlain, Edwin E. Maust, H. Kenneth Sacks, Jack E. Fraley, James A. Powell, James J. Snodgrass, John A. Breslin, John E. Pahlman, John E. Zeilinger, Philip C. Good, Robert P. Vinson, Thomas A. Sullivan, Willard John Tesch, Willard L. Hunter, Yeal Miron, A. W. Deurbrouck, Anthony J. Strazisar, Dan Martin, Frank X. McCawley, Fred N. Kissell, P. E. Richardson, Peter L. Ruzzi, Richard A. Watson, Richard Edward Lindstrom, Robert E. Simpson, William C. McBee, Danny L. Pool, Garrett R. Hyde, Gerald R. Smith, Richard L. Stein, Richard W. Watson, Robert B. Schluter
· 1976