This introduction to Gnosis by Christoph Markschies combines great clarity with immense learning.In his Introduction Markschies defines the term Gnosis and its relationship to 'Gnosticism', indicating why Gnosis is preferable and sketches out the main problems. He then treats the sources, both those in the church fathers and heresiologists, and the more recent Nag Hammadi finds. He goes on to discuss early forms of 'Gnosis' in antiquity, Jewish and Christian (New Testament) and the early Gnostics; the main representatives of Gnosis, especially Valentinus and Marcion; Manichaeism as the culmination and end-point of Gnosis; ancient communities of 'Gnostics'; and finally 'Gnosis' in antiquity and the present.There is a useful chronological table and an excellent select bibliography.

"Tension between unity and diversity plagues any attempt to recount the development of earliest Christianity. Explanations run the gamut -- from asserting the presence of a fully formed and accepted unity at the beginning of Christianity to the hypothesis that understands orthodox unity as a later imposition upon Christianity by Rome. In Christian Theology and Its Institutions in the Early Roman Empire, Christoph Markschies seeks to unravel the complex problem of unity and diversity by carefully examining the institutional settings for the development of Christian theology. Specifically, Markschies contends that theological diversity is closely bound up with institutional diversity. Markschies clears the ground by tracing how previous studies fail to appreciate the critical role that diverse Christian institutions played in creating and establishing the very theological ideas that later came to define them. He next examines three distinct forms of institutional life --the Christian institutions of (higher) learning, prophecy, and worship -- and their respective contributions to Christianity's development. Markschies then focuses his attention on the development of the New Testament canon, demonstrating how different institutions developed their own respective "canons," while challenging views that assign a decisive role to Athanasius, Marcion, or the Gnostics. Markschies concludes by arguing that the complementary model of the "identity" and "plurality" of early Christianity is better equipped to address the question of unity and diversity than Walter Bauer's cultural Protestant model of "orthodoxy and heresy" or the Jesuit model of the "inculturation" of Christianity."-- Provided by publisher.

Professor Martin Hengel demonstrates from a wealth of evidence, that in the New Testament period Hellenization was so widespread in Palestine that the usual distinction between 'Hellenistic' Judaism and `Palestinian' Judaism is not a valid one and that the word `Hellenistic' and related terms are so vague as to be meaningless.

What it was like to be a Christian in the early centuries.

In seinem vielgerühmten Standardwerk verortet der international renommierte Kirchenhistoriker Christoph Markschies das Christentum in der antiken Religionsgeschichte und kommt so zu neuen und überraschenden Antworten auf die Frage, warum sich das Christentum im römischen Reich so erfolgreich durchsetzen und schließlich die Antike überleben konnte. Der Autor bietet einen kompakten Überblick über die Verbreitung des Christentums und deren wichtigste Zentren und Epochen. Er schildert den Alltag und die Frömmigkeit antiker Christen von ihrer Geburt über Bekehrung und Taufe bis zum Tod, beschreibt Lebensformen wie Ehe und Familie, Askese und Mönchtum und erklärt die Besonderheiten der christlichen Gemeinschaften.