In this book, the author provides a deep study into multiscale and multiphysics modeling of nuclear facilities, underscoring the critical role of uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis to ensure the confidence in the numerical results and to identify the system characteristics. Through an in-depth study of the liquid metal cooling system from the TALL-3D loop to the SMDFR core, the research highlights the natural circulation instability, strong coupling effects, perturbation tolerance, and system stability. The culmination of the research is the formulation of an optimized uncertainty-based control scheme, demonstrating its versatility beyond the nuclear domain to other energy sectors. This groundbreaking work not only advances the comprehension and utilization of coupling schemes and uncertainty methodologies in nuclear system modeling but also adeptly bridges the theoretical constructs with tangible application, positioning itself as an indispensable resource for design, safety analysis, and advanced numerical modeling in the broader energy sector.

《内容提要》 本书以极为灵动优美的语言和情景交融的笔触，从大自然的海阔天空到春花秋月，从大千世界林林总总到时代奋发向上的身姿，从人与人之间的关系到人的心灵美好与追求...... 在一个广阔的世界里，作者以别开生面的创作手法，用充满哲思的隽秀话语，撰写短小精悍的锦绣华章，娓娓地诠释了大自然与人间的真善美，以及人类应该秉持的道德风范与价值取向等。是一本启迪开悟人们的心灵，激励人们奋发向上，凝聚人间美好的难得一见的一本好书。 The writing of this book, through a very inspirational and beautiful language, presents a wide selection of happenings, from nature's broad sky to spring flowers and autumn moon; from all the events taking places around the world to the state of advancement and progress of our era; from the relationship among all of us, to the beauty and pursue of our heart and soul... The author, through various new approaches by using short essays, very creatively described the true, the good and the beauty of the relationship between great nature and the people, as well as his relentless praise and upholding of high morals and values, with his philosophical and meaningful language. This is truly a rare and excellent book that enlightens people's mind, inspires and encourages people to strive for the advancement, and in condensing the beauty among the people all around the world.

Mapping and identifying genes for complex traits are difficult because there are no simple correspondences between genotypes and traits. Complex traits can be influenced by numerous factors, including genetic and environmental determinants and population or phenotypic heterogeneity. A common strategy for mapping complex traits is to conduct association studies in regions revealed in initial linkage analyses by genotyping many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Different study designs have been used to select individuals or families in order to reduce cost, increase power, and incorporate information provided by linkage analyses to conduct more efficient association studies. In this research, we have investigated different strategies to select, on the basis of multipoint identity-by-descent (IBD) sharing and/or quantitative variables, the most informative individuals from families with multiple siblings for association studies following linkage analysis. We have made two major contributions in extending the work of Fingerlin et al. (2004). First, we evaluate all strategies in a more general setting by testing an indirect association between the phenotype (a disease phenotype or a quantitative trait) and a SNP in linkage disequilibrium with the genetic locus that controls the phenotype. Second, we have explored several strategies in the context of quantitative traits. The strategies are most useful for pre-selection of individuals for fine mapping. The same individuals can be selected across candidate genes or a region of interest. Our results demonstrate that no single selection strategy is uniformly optimal in terms of cost effectiveness and that it is critical to choose selection criteria carefully depending on the study goals, data structures, and available information. For binary traits, selecting sibs using multipoint IBD sharing is always the most powerful method for sibships containing 3 or more affected sibs. However, selection based on disease severity is the best choice when families contain only affected sib pairs. For quantitative traits, the selection based on a proposed score statistic is the best strategy across all additive models, especially when allele frequency of the causal locus is low. Other strategies should be considered for different modes of inheritance or data structure.

We apply ambient noise analysis to image shear wave velocity from near surface to uppermost mantle beneath the Mississippi embayment, and investigate the crustal response to climatological loadings. To further understand the generation mechanism of microseisms, we explore the azimuthal distribution of the signal-to-noise ratio and amplitude difference of crustal surface waves and estimate possible source locations in the ocean through back- projections.A shear wave velocity model with 0.5 0.5 resolution for the crust and uppermost mantle has been determined. We take advantage of the dense coverage and long-term deployments of 277 3-component broadband stations installed from 1990 to 2018 to image the shear wave velocity. Rayleigh group velocity dispersion curves extracted from ambient noise are inverted to obtain shear wave velocity at 5, 12, 24, and 43 km. We find that low velocity features characterize the Reelfoot Graben, Rough Creek Graben, Black Warrior basin, and southern Mississippi embayment in the upper 5 km of crust. High velocity features characterize the Ozark plateau, Ouachita mountains and Nashville dome. From 5 to 12 km, a low velocity anomaly is associated with the Missouri batholith. From 12 to 24 km, high velocity features characterize the Reelfoot-Rough Creek graben, and along the Appalachian-Ouachita thrust front. From 24 to 43 km, high velocity anomalies are commonly observed in the Mississippi embayment, and spatially correlated with the crustal thickness.Cross-correlation of the ambient seismic field is also used to estimate seasonal seismic velocity variations and to determine the underlying physical mechanisms. We process continuously recorded broadband data from 53 stations in 2014 to obtain daily and yearly cross- correlations and measure the Rayleigh wave phase velocity change over 4 frequency bands, 0.3-1, 0.5-1.2, 0.7-1.5, and 1-2 Hz. We then calculate the correlation coefficients between the velocity variations and the precipitation, water table fluctuation, temperature, atmospheric pressure and wind speed to find which external variable correlates most strongly with the observed changes. We observe high t/t (a proxy for velocity variation), the slowest velocity relative to annual average, from May to July and low t/t in September/October, and find the t/t variations correlate primarily with water table fluctuation. The correlation coefficients between water table fluctuation and t/t are independent of the interstation distance and frequency, but high coefficients are observed more often in the 0.3-1 Hz than 1-2 Hz band probably because high-frequency coherent signals attenuate faster than low-frequency ones. The t/t variations lag behind the water table fluctuation by about 20 days, which suggests the velocity changes can be attributed to the pore pressure diffusion effect. The maximum t/t variations decrease with frequency from 0.03% at 0.3-1 Hz to 0.02% at 1-2 Hz, and the differences between them might be related to different local sources or incident angles. The seasonal variations of t/t are azimuthally independent, and a large increase of noise amplitude only introduces a small increase to the t/t variation. The maximum t/t variations non-linearly decrease with the distance, which could be associated with the attenuation of coherent noise. At close distances, the maximum t/t holds a wide range of values, which is likely related to local structure. At larger distances, velocity variations sample a larger region so that it stabilizes to a more uniform value. We find that the observed changes in wave speed are in agreement with the prediction of a poroelastic model.The source distribution of ambient noise is of fundamental importance to understanding the generation mechanism of microseisms. Cross-correlations of ambient seismic noise from 277 broadband stations with at least 1-month recording between 1990 and 2018 are used to estimate source locations of primary and secondary microseisms inside the Mississippi embayment. We investigate source locations by analyzing the azimuthal distribution of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and amplitude difference of crustal surface wave arrivals and by 2D F-K analysis. We also use 84 stations with continuous 1-year recording to explore seasonal variations of SNRs of the surface wave, which could be used to locate active sources in different seasons. We observe that (1) four azimuths could be identified in the azimuthal distribution of SNRs and reflect four different energy sources. Two energy sources are active in the Pacific and Atlantic ocean of northern hemisphere during winter and two relatively weak sources are active near Australia and South America in the southern hemisphere during summer. (2) Primary microseisms originate along the coastlines of southern Australia, Canada and Alaska, Newfoundland, and northeast South America. (3) Secondary microseisms could be generated in the deep water of northern and southern Pacific ocean, along coastlines of Canada and Alaska associated with reflections, and in the deep water of south of Greenland. (4) Azimuthal distribution of SNRs of sediment surface waves observed at 1-5s is negatively correlated with the geometry of the edge of the Mississippi embayment. The sediment surface waves could be induced by the basin-edge..

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a genetically complex mental illness characterized by severe oscillations of mood and behavior. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several risk loci that together account for a small portion of the heritability. To identify additional risk loci, we performed a two-stage meta-analysis of >9 million genetic variants in 9,784 bipolar disorder patients and 30,471 controls, the largest GWAS of BD to date. In this study, to increase power we used ~2,000 lithium-treated cases with a long-term diagnosis of BD from the Consortium on Lithium Genetics, excess controls, and analytic methods optimized for markers on the Xchromosome. In addition to four known loci, results revealed genome-wide significant associations at two novel loci: an intergenic region on 9p21.3 (rs12553324, p = 5.87×10-9; odds ratio = 1.12) and markers within ERBB2 (rs2517959, p = 4.53×10-9; odds ratio = 1.13). No significant X-chromosome associations were detected and X-linked markers explained very little BD heritability. The results add to a growing list of common autosomal variants involved in BD and illustrate the power of comparing well-characterized cases to an excess of controls in GWAS.