"A procedure is shown for measuring external tree characteristics that are important in determining the current and future quality of young hardwood trees. This guide supplements a previous study which describes the quality classification system for young hardwood trees."--Title page verso.

"Relative change of several types of stem defects was studied over an 8-year period to determine the effects of crop-tree thinning on the development of tree quality. Special interest was given to changes in relative quality associated with defect indicators of crop trees compared to trees in unthinned plots. The relative quality classes of the crop trees went from "poor" to "medium" for red maple and "poor" to "good" for aspen. The oaks stayed in the poor classification and yellow-poplar remained unchanged in the medium classification. Results showed a decrease in the number of epicormic branches on the crop trees, and an increase in the size of live limbs.S3.

S2A 14-year-old mixed oak stand was thinned in 1977 to stocking levels of 30, 50, and 60 percent and a control. From this stand, 117 trees were selected and their stem-related defects recorded. Six years later these same trees were reevaluated. The number of limb defects per square foot of surface area increased substantially more in the heavily thinned plots than in the unthinned plots. Trends in these data confirm commonly held beliefs that stand density affects stem quality after only a few years.S3.

S2Describes changes in provisional tree grades for 351 young, mixed upland hardwood trees 6 years after thinning. Treatments of 30, 50, and 70 percent stocking plus a crop-tree release were applied. Results indicate that light thinning and crop-tree thinning produced higher quality and better grade trees than heavy thinning.S3.

Resultaten van onderzoek na 6 jaar groei bij verschillende standdichtheden