This is a major new approach to the military revolution and the relationship between warfare and the power of the state in early modern Europe. Whereas previous accounts have emphasised the growth of state-run armies during this period, David Parrott argues instead that the delegation of military responsibility to sophisticated and extensive networks of private enterprise reached unprecedented levels. This included not only the hiring of troops but their equipping, the supply of food and munitions, and the financing of their operations. The book reveals the extraordinary prevalence and capability of private networks of commanders, suppliers, merchants and financiers who managed the conduct of war on land and at sea, challenging the traditional assumption that reliance on mercenaries and the private sector results in corrupt and inefficient military force. In so doing, the book provides essential historical context to contemporary debates about the role of the private sector in warfare.

A definitive reinterpretation of the role and influence of the French army during Richelieu's ministry.

David Parrott's book offers a major re-evaluation of the last year of the Fronde - the political upheaval between 1648 and 1652 - in the making of seventeenth-century France. In late December 1651, Cardinal Mazarin defied the order for his perpetual banishment, and re-entered France at the head of an army. The political and military crisis that followed convulsed the nation, and revived the ebbing fortunes of a revolt led by the cousin of the young Louis XIV, the prince de Condé. The study follows in detail the unfolding political and military events of this year, showing how military success and failure swung between the two sides through the campaign, driving both cardinal and prince into a progressive intensification of the conflict, while simultaneously fuelling a quest for compromise and settlement which nonetheless eluded all the negotiators' efforts. The consequences were devastating for France, as civil war smashed into a fragile ecosystem that was already reeling under the impact of the global cooling of the 'Little Ice Age'. 1652 raises questions about established interpretations of French state-building, the rule of cardinal Mazarin and his predecessor, Richelieu, and their contribution to creating the 'absolutism' of Louis XIV.

A practical, jargon free guide to key aspects of canon and public law for clergy, readers, churchwardens, PCC members and diocesan officers, covering common situations that affect every church. Now updated to include Common Tenure, the Marriage Act and government changes in vetting those who work with children and vulnerable adults.

It is April, 1943, and Kenzo Takei, a five-year-old Japanese-American boy, witnesses the violent death of a white camp employee in the apple orchard at the Manzanar concentration camp in California. He's too young to understand what he's seen fully, but years pass and he's an adult living in San Clemente when the killer enters his life again. This time the victim is a ravishing young Japanese geisha that Kenzo has just met. And now he finds himself implicated not only in her murder, but entangled in a web of deceit that leads him back to the notorious camps at Manzanar and Tule Lake, and into conflict with a cast of criminals from Little Tokyo in L.A. and from Japan.

The objective of this thesis was to assess the impact of a three-week, mid-morning nutritional supplement intervention on energy intake as assessed by investigator-weighed food intake in the week following supplement termination and to investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI), as well as, cognitive and behavioural assessments on this response by performing a secondary analysis of a randomized, crossover, nonblinded clinical trial. Thirty institutionalized seniors with probable Alzheimer's disease who ate independently underwent analysis. Individuals who responded very successfully to supplementation (n = 16) as shown by increases in daily energy intake were likely to maintain 58.8% of that increase post-supplementation. However, removal of the supplement was associated with decreased self-selected energy intake in low-BMI individuals who reduced their daily intakes during supplementation. Cognitive/behavioral tests were not significant predictors of postsupplement intake. Disease-specific disturbances to the cognitive and physiological control of feeding may be involved.