A new method of in place sewer reconstruction called the Pipe Insertion Machine was field tested by the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory. The technology uses an impact mole to break up the existing pipe and force it into the surrounding soil as the new pipe is pushed into the space created by the impact mole. The field test monitored stress induced in an adjacent pipe, soil displacement, and vibrations. The results indicate that, under the site conditions of this test, the reconstruction method was successful and induced very little stress on the surrounding utilities. Vibrations may be a problem for certain structures in the immediate vicinity of the impact mole, but vibrations damp out quickly a short distance away. Keywords: Sewers; Replacement; Pipe insertion machine. (MJM).

In this report, the ultimate snow and wind loads are determined for two sizes of a corrugated steel, barrel type shell building by using numerical and experimental methods. Local buckling is shown to govern the ultimate loading of these structures, through the formation of collapsing mechanisms. The critical positive and negative moment fields under which hinges are formed determine critical loads which will create the collapsing mechanisms. The lower bounds of the ultimate snow loads for the intermediate (50 ft wide by 18 ft high) and large (72 ft wide by 26 ft high) structures were found to be 35 psf and 14 psf, respectively. The ultimate wind velocities for the same intermediate and large structures were 87 to 110 mph and 60 to 74 mph, respectively. Although methods and assumptions used in the analysis are considered conservative, it does not indicate that with respect the wind loading, some existing structures may be operating at or near ultimate strength. Keywords: K Span buildings, Snow loads, Wind loads, Shells(Structural Forms).