This Handbook gathers 38 leading historians to describe, analyze, and interpret warfare and its effects in classical Greece and Rome.

The cultural phenomenon known as "decadence" has often been viewed as an ephemeral artistic vogue that fluorished briefly in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Europe. This study makes the case for decadence as a literary movement in its own right, based on a set of aesthetic principles that formed a transitional link between romanticism and modernism. Understood in this developmental context, decadence represents the aesthetic substratum of a wide range of fin-de-siecle literary schools, including naturalism, realism, Parnassianism, aestheticism, and symbolism. As an impulse toward modernism, it prefigures the thematic, structural, and stylistic concerns of later literature. David Weir demonstrates his thesis by analyzing a number of French, English, Italian, and American novels, each associated with some specific decadent literary tendency. The book concludes by arguing that the decadent sensibility persists in popular culture and contemporary theory, with multiculturalism and postmodernism representing its most current manifestations.

This book presents a novel and innovative approach to the study of social evolution using case studies from the Old and the New World, from prehistory to the present. This approach is based on examining social evolution through the evolution of social institutions. Evolution is defined as the process of structural change. Within this framework the society, or culture, is seen as a system composed of a vast number of social institutions that are constantly interacting and changing. As a result, the structure of society as a whole is also evolving and changing. The authors posit that the combination of evolving social institutions explains the non-linear character of social evolution and that every society develops along its own pathway and pace. Within this framework, society should be seen as the result of the compound effect of the interactions of social institutions specific to it. Further, the transformation of social institutions and relations between them is taking place not only within individual societies but also globally, as institutions may be trans-societal, and even institutions that operate in one society can arise as a reaction to trans-societal trends and demands. The book argues that it may be more productive to look at institutions even within a given society as being parts of trans-societal systems of institutions since, despite their interconnectedness, societies still have boundaries, which their members usually know and respect. Accordingly, the book is a must-read for researchers and scholars in various disciplines who are interested in a better understanding of the origins, history, successes and failures of social institutions.

" ... Demetz begins with the intriguing myths about Prague's origins--told and retold by generations of artists--contrasting them with confirmed archaeological truths about the site's pre-Roman settlements. He weaves together the colorful strands of Prague's literary traditions (Latin, Czech, German, and Jewish) with the story of its scintillating political and cultural advances, and focuses on key moments in its multicultural life: under King Charles, when it was the capital of the Holy Roman Empire; in the turbulent years of the Hussite rebellion; under Emperor Rudolf II, during the Renaissance, when it was home to Europe's best rationalists and most famous occultists; in the time of Mozart; and in the ages of revolutionary nationalism and of T.G. Masaryk, heroic first president of Czechoslovakia. Throughout, Demetz shows how Czechs, Germans, Italians, and Jews hve lived and worked together in Prague for a thousand years ..."--Jacket.

There is a strange triality in Prague’s history — Czechs, Germans, Jews; Catholicism, Protestantism, Judaism; rulers, nobles, peasants; Romanesque, Gothic, Baroque. Joseph Wechsberg penetrates Prague’s world to recapture an extraordinary cultural, spiritual, political, artistic and embattled past. Prague was the home of Kafka, Rilke, Neruda and Werfel, of “heretic” Jan Hus, of “Good King (and later Saint) Wenceslas”; the inspiration of Mozart; the mecca of alchemists, astronomers and adventurers; it gave birth to folklore, fantasy and bizarre facts, such as the Golem, a manlike figure of clay that was brought to life by its alleged creator, “High Rabbi” Loew, in the 16th century. She was the first town in Central Europe with paved streets that were regularly cleaned (1340). The Thirty Years’ War began and ended in Prague. And it was here that the Counter-Reformation reached its brutal climax. The city comes alive, from its founder Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor who made Prague the cultural center of Europe; the Hussite Era; the 300 years of Habsburg domination that followed; to the great Republic of humanist-philosopher Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, the horrors of Nazi occupation and, finally, the gray realities of communism, and the 1968 “Prague Spring” which began with Dubček, ended with the invasion by the Warsaw Pact troops and Jan Palach‘s self-immolation on January 16, 1969. “Nothing is clear and simple in Prague; everything is enigmatic and complex. The city’s thousand-year-old history is constant flux and reflux, love and hatred, struggle and synthesis, contrast and symbiosis. Princes fight tribal leaders, kings fight the Estates, feudal rulers fight the upcoming bourgeoisie, the city fights the countryside, haves fight the have-nots. More recently, Czechs have fought Czechs. The social struggles have ended with the conversion of former have-nots into haves, and vice versa — but for how long? There are religious struggles throughout the centuries: pagans against Christians, Christians against “heretic” Christians, Utraquists against Jesuits, Christians against Jews... Today Prague is a Czech city but it would be wrong to write the story of Prague as a Czech city, or as a German city, or as a Jewish city. Prague is all three... Prague always was either battlefield or symbiosis... Tolerance was never widespread in this city of cruel passions where the bizarre nomenclature reflects history... The story of Prague depends on who writes it.” — Joseph Wechsberg, Prague: The Mystical City “Joseph Wechsberg... wrote compellingly of [Prague,] this compelling city.” — Henry Kamm, The New York Times “[G]raceful and immaculately styled.” — Kirkus

A broad treatment of computer and video games from a wide range of perspectives, including cognitive science and artificial intelligence, psychology, history, film and theater, cultural studies, and philosophy.

For ninety per cent of our history, humans have lived as 'hunters and gatherers', and for most of this time, as talking individuals. No direct evidence for the origin and evolution of language exists; we do not even know if early humans had language, either spoken or signed. Taking an anthropological perspective, Alan Barnard acknowledges this difficulty and argues that we can nevertheless infer a great deal about our linguistic past from what is around us in the present. Hunter-gatherers still inhabit much of the world, and in sufficient number to enable us to study the ways in which they speak, the many languages they use, and what they use them for. Barnard investigates the lives of hunter-gatherers by understanding them in their own terms, to create a book which will be welcomed by all those interested in the evolution of language.