This policy brief investigates policies relevant to the education of migrant children across the EU. It outlines the main challenges facing migrant children in schools across Europe, and the existing policy options that aim to redress the disparities in educational outcomes between native children and children with a migrant background. Roughly 10 per cent of the EU population were born in a different country from the one in which they reside, five per cent of whom are children under the age of 15. Although the pattern varies by EU Member State, children with a migrant background (either first-, second-, or higher-order-generation migrants) show tend to have lower educational performance and are more likely to leave school early than children from a native background. Evidence suggests that socio-economic disadvantage can have a more negative effect on educational outcomes than being from a migrant background. It is more likely that a high concentration of children from a socio-economically disadvantaged background, or from families with low educational attainment, has a greater impact on peer outcomes than a high concentration of migrant children. Nonetheless, there are some solutions to the intersectional challenges faced by migrant children in education such as ensuring that migrant students learn the language of instruction and maintain a relationship with their mother tongue, if different. In addition, it could be useful to build relationships between educators and parents, and to dedicate more resources to schools with a high concentration of migrants"--Publisher's description.

At a time when more students than ever are attending higher education, its provision is becoming more fluid, global and competitive. For example, developments in new technologies mean that higher education institutions (HEIs) can make their courses available all over the world. These developments bring into question the traditional delivery model of higher education institutions, which tends to be confined to physical – and hence geographically defined – course offerings. This report examines innovative modes of higher education provision, as well as ways in which the management and governance of higher education are changing in support of innovations in higher education provision. As such, it ties in with the European Commission’s objectives to enhance the quality of higher education in an environment where globalisation and the attractiveness of the European higher education area need to be reinforced. This report also issues policy recommendations regarding the governance and management of new modes of higher education provision in order to enhance the attractiveness and relevance of European higher education and to increase the strategic capacities of HEIs to manage resources efficiently and effectively. Finally, it also promotes an awareness of the importance of cultural and linguistic diversity within Europe by bringing together a team of researchers representing varied backgrounds, organisational cultures and experiences.

Urgent and Emergency Care (UEC) vanguards aim to improve the quality, efficiency and effectiveness of UEC services so that patients receive the most appropriate care at the right time and in the right place, and so that unnecessary admissions to accident and emergency (A&E) and hospitals are reduced. The Southern Cluster comprises three such UEC vanguards. RAND Europe’s evaluation examined the impacts of the vanguards, the processes underpinning delivery (and associated enablers and challenges), and implications for future policy and practice. The evaluation used a multi-method approach, including theories of change, document review, workshops, interviews, surveys and data dashboards. The Southern Cluster UEC vanguards have made progress across core activities. Clinical hubs are operational across the sites. Direct booking capacity into primary care is progressing more with out-of-hours than with in-hours services. Gradual but variable progress has been made towards joint planning and governance of UEC services. Efforts to ensure seamless data sharing between providers, and interoperable IT infrastructure are progressing somewhat slower than originally hoped. Vanguard funding, committed leadership and practical mechanisms to support joint working helped drive progress. Public engagement, workforce-capacity and data interoperability will need to be addressed for longer-term impact at scale. The report makes recommendations concerning: (i) UEC health and care workforce capacity-building , (ii) local-national coordination around UEC transformation, (iii) collaboration across localities and professions, (iv) support for an end-to-end UEC pathway with mutually reinforcing activities, (v) cost and outcome data, (vi) an interoperable data infrastructure, and (vii) capacity for evaluation and learning.

This brief presents a brief summary of findings from an evaluation of the European Commission’s Action Plan against the Rising Threats from Antimicrobial Resistance.

This research brief sets out the results from a 2017 survey of researchers in the UK and a review of the literature around patterns, drivers and barriers, and benefits and consequences of international mobility for researchers.

Background Q is an initiative, led by the Health Foundation and supported by NHS England, designed to connect people skilled in quality improvement across the UK. The Q founding cohort comprised 231 members who attended three two-day ‘design events’. We carried out an independent, embedded evaluation of the first phase of Q, to look at both the success of the design process and the potential for success for Q, while providing continuous findings to the Q project team. Methods The evaluation used a multi-method approach, including a social network analysis and a novel method that we have called ‘citizen ethnography’. Evaluation team members attended fortnightly project team meetings and design events. Findings Q founding cohort members came from a variety of backgrounds. The size of the founding cohort caused difficulties with the co-design of Q. At the end of the year, members were much more connected with each other. Less progress was made with the design of Q than might have been possible, but members were enthusiastic about Q’s potential success and determined to help it achieve its goals. Conclusions Q is a promising approach to a critical problem currently facing health and care in the UK. The first phase was successful in building good will and loyalty amongst the founding cohort. Q’s success depends on individual components that the Q project team and founding cohort have designed in outline but whose details are still being fleshed out. Q remains unproven but has the potential to bring significant benefits.

The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) funds and supports world-leading clinical and applied health and social care research, as well as research infrastructure in the NHS. Providing £1 billion of funding each year, NIHR aims to: drive the faster translation of new treatments, technologies and diagnostics to improve outcomes for health and care services; promote the wealth of the nation, including via inward investment from the health research community; pull basic science discoveries through into tangible benefits for patients and the public; and provide research evidence to support more effective and cost-effective NHS delivery. To mark its tenth anniversary, the Department of Health commissioned the Policy Research in Science and Medicine unit to consider the question: ‘What are the ways in which NIHR has benefited the health research landscape in the past ten years?’ This report identifies and celebrates 100 examples of positive change resulting from NIHR’s support of research. A synthesis of 100 case studies is provided, which highlights the benefits and wider impacts of research, capacity building, and other activities undertaken with NIHR’s support since its creation in 2006. The report concludes with a reflection of how the NIHR has transformed R&D in and for the NHS and wider health service, and the people they serve. The report draws together – for the first time – examples of the breadth of NIHR’s impacts in a single resource. It will be of interest to healthcare professionals involved in research, academics working in health and social care, and members of the public wishing to understand the value of research in the NHS and the wider health and care system.

"Parents' access to employment can sometimes hinge on the availability of good quality childcare. Some EU policies exist that relate to the question of childcare, social inclusion and access to employment. This policy brief discusses the role that the European Social Fund (ESF) plays in supporting childcare provision in the European Union (EU). Specifically, this brief looks at some of the Operational Programmes from the current funding cycle (2014-2020) which incorporate an element of childcare into their plans. In addition, this policy brief categorises and compiles different examples of ESF funded projects from across the EU, which relate to childcare, from the previous 2007-2013 funding cycle, with the aim of encouraging new applicants to access the ESF"--Publisher's description.

This policy brief looks at the education of EU migrant children in the context of intra-EU mobility. It examines some of the literature and data on the topic in order to identify key differences between EU migrant children and non-migrant children. There are disparities in educational performance between migrants and non-migrants. The brief outlines some policies and practices which are aimed at improving educational outcomes and the progression of migrants in some EU Member States, namely in responding to the demands and challenges in education systems.

This Elibron Classics title is a reprint of the original edition published by J. G. Dentu in Paris, 1816.