Background and Goal of Study: The technique of one lung ventilation (OLV) is instituted with the purpose to achieve isolation of the diseased lung being operated upon, using double-lumen endobronchial tube. Thoracic surgical procedures which are performed in lateral decubital position nowadays couldn't be imagined without OLV. In spite advantages regarding surgical exposure, OLV is associated with serious respiratory impairment. Hypoxemia is considered to be the most important challenge during OLV. The goal of this study was to establish the magnitude of intrapulmonal shunt, as well as the immensity of hypoxia during general anesthesia with OLV.Materials and Methods: In this prospective interventional clinical study thirty patients were enrolled who underwent elective thoracic surgery with prolonged period of OLV. The patients received balanced general anesthesia with fentanyl/propofol/rocuronium. A double-lumen endobronchial tube was inserted in all patients, and mechanical ventilation with 50% oxygen in air was used during the entire study. Arterial blood gases were recorded in a lateral decubitu0430l position with two-lung ventilation, at the beginning of OLV (OLV 0) and 10 and 30 min. (OLV 10, OLV 30, respectively) after initiating OLV in all patients. The monitoring was standard. Arterial oxygenation (PaO2), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and venous admixture percentage - intrapulmonal shunt (Qs/Qt %) were measured, as well as mean arterial pressure and heart rate during the same time intervals. For the purpose of this study, the quantitative value of Qs/Qt% was mathematically calculated by the blood gas analyzer AVL Compact 3. A p value

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