As the first book about software culture, this book discusses software culture from three perspectives including historical perspective, the classification of software and software applications. This book takes credit from the view of science and technology development. It analyzed scientific innovations and the social areas promoted following the growth of technology. And according to the fact that information helps to build human cultural form, we proposed the concept and researching method of software culture. The aim of writing this book is to strengthen the connection between software and culture, to replenish knowledge system in the subject of software engineering, and to establish a new area of study that is the culture of software.

This book brings together the new trends, new knowledge, new methods and new tools in the development of e-commerce in China and global and appropriately expounds the basic concepts and cultural concepts of e-commerce from the perspective of e-commerce basic knowledge and e-commerce culture. The key technology involved including e-commerce support, payment, and security is introduced. This book highlights the practical application of the applied psychology of e-commerce in business activities and expounds the system structure, transaction mode, and decision-making strategy paradigm of e-commerce with typical examples. This book helps readers to understand the basic concepts, the latest knowledge and the way of e-commerce development. This book elaborates the theory, specific tools, methods, and practical experience, which can be used as a textbook or professional book for e-commerce courses and also a reference book for interested readers.

This book mainly discusses the background of e-commerce, the basic knowledge of e-commerce, the basic models of e-commerce, the basic principles of e-commerce and the cases of e-commerce. This book has formed a theoretical system of e-commerce with a clear integration boundary. The introduction of the systematic theory is guided by the background of e-commerce, centered on the model of e-commerce, paved with the principles of e-commerce and integrated with the cutting-edge cases. This book defines the basic concepts, models and principle of e-commerce in the form of mathematical analysis and analyzes the basic theory of e-commerce from the perspective of mathematical model. This enables readers to form an abstract understanding of the connotation and extension of e-commerce. It establishes a knowledge system with the background of social ecology, engineering ecology and innovative ecology, taking the models of e-commerce as the core, the principles of e-commerce as the process, the architecture of e-commerce as the platform and the operation and management of e-commerce as the means to integrate the knowledge into application. This book uses case study to comprehensively analyze and apply the knowledge system involved in e-commerce, combining theoretical research with engineering research. Through this book, readers can systematically master all kinds of theories involved in e-commerce. This book aims at different professional and diverse reader groups. It can be used as the basic books for students of various e-commerce-related specialties.

Dieses Buch behandelt hauptsächlich den Hintergrund des E-Commerce, das Grundwissen des E-Commerce, die Grundmodelle des E-Commerce, die Grundprinzipien des E-Commerce und die Fälle des E-Commerce. Dieses Buch hat ein theoretisches System des E-Commerce mit klaren Integrationsgrenzen gebildet. Die Einführung der systematischen Theorie wird durch den Hintergrund des E-Commerce geleitet, zentriert sich auf das Modell des E-Commerce, wird mit den Prinzipien des E-Commerce untermauert und mit den neuesten Fällen integriert. Dieses Buch definiert die grundlegenden Konzepte, Modelle und Prinzipien des E-Commerce in Form einer mathematischen Analyse und analysiert die Grundtheorie des E-Commerce aus der Perspektive des mathematischen Modells. Dies ermöglicht den Lesern, ein abstraktes Verständnis der Konnotation und Erweiterung des E-Commerce zu entwickeln. Es etabliert ein Wissenssystem mit dem Hintergrund der sozialen Ökologie, der Ingenieurökologie und der Innovationsökologie, wobei die Modelle des E-Commerce als Kern, die Prinzipien des E-Commerce als Prozess, die Architektur des E-Commerce als Plattform und der Betrieb und das Management des E-Commerce als Mittel zur Integration des Wissens in die Anwendung dienen. Dieses Buch verwendet Fallstudien, um das Wissenssystem, das den E-Commerce betrifft, umfassend zu analysieren und anzuwenden und kombiniert theoretische Forschung mit Ingenieurforschung. Durch dieses Buch können die Leser systematisch alle Arten von Theorien, die den E-Commerce betreffen, meistern. Dieses Buch richtet sich an verschiedene professionelle und diverse Lesergruppen. Es kann als Grundlagenbuch für Studenten verschiedener E-Commerce-bezogener Fachrichtungen verwendet werden.

Nutritional assessment is an important problem for every American. Studies suggest that as many as 90% of Americans fall short of Vitamins D and E as a result of their regular dietary habits, and up to 50% of Americans do not get enough Vitamin A and Calcium. On the other hand, 68.8% of American adults over 20 were considered overweight or obese (had BMI of over 25), with excessive consumption of added sugars, fats, and carbohydrates being a key factor. There are two potential challenges that, if solved, may help many ordinary Americans manage their diets healthily. The first is recording dietary intake so that we have sufficient information regarding an individual's dietary pattern, and the second is interpreting nutritional profiles from the foods people are eating. It's after these two steps that nutritional intake can be inferred and insights into dietary balance can be gained. This thesis focuses on the first challenge, enabling more convenient tracking of dietary patterns supported by automatic image recognition. Our goal was to provide an improved alternative to current mainstream methods of keeping dietary records such as written records for clinical studies, or text input based digital trackers such as MyFitnessPal. Both current methods are quite tiresome, and we saw opportunities in utilizing computer vision methods to automate the recognition of what a user is eating, therefore hoping to reduce the need for manual input and making the process easier. In practice, we implemented an image classifier based on the Inception architecture of GoogLeNet, and trained it on the Food- 101 dataset. The performance of the classifier on the validation set achieved around 87% for top 5 accuracy. We then deployed our image recognition apparatus in the form of a mobile application, to examine the actual performance of this apparatus in an in-field setting with actual consumer eating patterns. The overall in-field recognition performance was around 28% (top 5), however, since only 30% of our meals observed were actually of foods belonging to the 101 classes we had trained the classifier to recognize, the in-field recognition accuracies for when foods to record were of foods we had trained on was around 92%. Furthermore, in subjective user surveys, 67% of users preferred our computer vision based apparatus to existing text input based digital trackers like MyFitnessPal, with 22% being neutral. Therefore, we believe that this approach to diet tracking is a promising one to explore in the future, as the main cause of low in-field recognition performance seems to be mainly caused by lack of coverage of the training data, and if we can curate a training set that captures the visual food domain appropriately, this approach can yield high in-field results and provide a tangibly more convenient tool for users to log and track their diets.

This book provides a valuable collection of contributions by distinguished scholars presenting the state of the art and some of the most significant latest developments and future challenges in the field of dispersive partial differential equations. The material covers four major lines: (1) Long time behaviour of NLS-type equations, (2) probabilistic and nonstandard methods in the study of NLS equation, (3) dispersive properties for heat-, Schrodinger-, and Dirac-type flows, (4) wave and KdV-type equations. Across a variety of applications an amount of crucial mathematical tools are discussed, whose applicability and versatility goes beyond the specific models presented here. Furthermore, all contributions include updated and comparative literature.