Ist ein Dirigent nur ein Künstler oder muss er in einem festen Amt unter Umständen nicht auch zur Leitung einer gesamten Institution beitragen oder diese sogar zusätzlich administrativ führen? Was geschieht, wenn er zugunsten administrativer Aufgaben den Kernbereich künstlerischen Schaffens überschreiten muss? Kann ein Künstler gleichzeitig auch ein Manager sein und wenn ja, kommt es seiner Mission zugute bzw. was sollte er hierfür an Kompetenzen für diese Doppelrolle einbringen und auf welche Weise? Diese und weitere Fragen erörtert das Buch aus berufpraktischer Sicht anhand von Fachliteraturquellen und empirischen Einsichten. Ein Leitfaden zur Ergründung der Frage der Doppelrolle von Künstler und Manager und deren Schnittstellen.

Le procès de la physique dans la première moitié du siècle nous ont légué Hiroschima puis Tchernobyl. Sans plus de débat démocratique, ni de contrôle des objectifs, la génétique et la biologie ont pris le flambeau pour le meilleur -l'élimination des maladies-, mais aussi pour le pire - la sélection des espèces humaines-. Jacques Testart, biologiste, père de la fécondation in vitro, et Jens Reich, biophysicien, analysent les enjeux risqués du progrès et débattent d'une éthique nécessaire au cœur de la cité.

Abstract: Microorganisms evolved specific acclimation strategies to thrive in environments of high or fluctuating salinities. Here, salt acclimation in the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was analyzed by integrating transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic data. A dynamic reorganization of the transcriptome occurred during the first hours after salt shock, e.g. involving the upregulation of genes to activate compatible solute biochemistry balancing osmotic pressure. The massive accumulation of glucosylglycerol then had a measurable impact on the overall carbon and nitrogen metabolism. In addition, we observed the coordinated induction of putative regulatory RNAs and of several proteins known for their involvement in other stress responses. Overall, salt-induced changes in the proteome and transcriptome showed good correlations, especially among the stably up-regulated proteins and their transcripts. We define an extended salt stimulon comprising proteins directly or indirectly related to compatible solute metabolism, ion and water movements, and a distinct set of regulatory RNAs involved in post-transcriptional regulation. Our comprehensive data set provides the basis for engineering cyanobacterial salt tolerance and to further understand its regulation

Abstract: Oxygenic photosynthesis requires the coordination of environmental stimuli with the regulation of transcription. The transcription factor RpaB is conserved from the simplest unicellular cyanobacteria to complex eukaryotic algae, representing more than 1 billion years of evolution. To predict the RpaB-controlled regulon in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis, we analyzed the positional distribution of binding sites together with high-resolution mapping data of transcriptional start sites (TSSs). We describe more than 150 target promoters whose activity responds to fluctuating light conditions. Binding sites close to the TSS mediate repression, whereas sites centered ∼50 nt upstream mediate activation. Using complementary experimental approaches, we found that RpaB controls genes involved in photoprotection, cyclic electron flow and state transitions, photorespiration, and nirA and isiA for which we suggest cross-regulation with the transcription factors NtcA or FurA. The deep integration of RpaB with diverse photosynthetic gene functions makes it one of the most important and versatile transcriptional regulators

Abstract: We used stochastic simulations and experimental data from E. coli, K. aerogenes, Synechococcus PCC 7002 and Synechocystis PCC 6803 to provide evidence that transcriptional interference via the collision mechanism is likely a prevalent mechanism for bacterial gene regulation. Rifampicin time-series data can be used to globally monitor and quantify collision between sense and antisense transcription-complexes. Our findings also highlight that transcriptional events, such as differential RNA decay, partial termination, and internal transcriptional start sites often deviate from gene annotations. Consequently, within a single gene annotation, there exist transcript segments with varying half-lives and transcriptional properties. To address these complexities, we introduce 'rifi', an R-package that analyzes transcriptomic data from rifampicin time series. 'rifi' employs a dynamic programming-based segmentation approach to identify individual transcripts, enabling accurate assessment of RNA stability and detection of diverse transcriptional events

Abstract: Motivation The correct prediction of bacterial sRNA homologs is a prerequisite for many downstream analyses based on comparative genomics, but it is frequently challenging due to the short length and distinct heterogeneity of such homologs. GLobal Automatic Small RNA Search go (GLASSGO) is an efficient tool for the prediction of sRNA homologs from a single input query. To make the algorithm available to a broader community, we offer a Docker container along with a free-access web service. For non-computer scientists, the web service provides a user-friendly interface. However, capabilities were lacking so far for batch processing, version control and direct interaction with compatible software applications as a workflow management system can provide. Results Here, we present GLASSGO 1.5.2, an updated version that is fully incorporated into the workflow management system GALAXY. The improved version contains a new feature for extracting the upstream regions, allowing the search for conserved promoter elements. Additionally, it supports the use of accession numbers instead of the outdated GI numbers, which widens the applicability of the tool. Availability and implementation GLASSGO is available at https://github.com/lotts/GLASSgo/ under the MIT license and is accompanied by instruction and application data. Furthermore, it can be installed into any GALAXY instance using the GALAXY ToolShed

This book provides readers with well designed C code programs that are easily modified to meet the requirements of virtually any type of problem set. This enables the reader to develop a compact formula that represents an experiment's data or proves that the data conforms to a theoretical model.