In the past twenty years, we have seen the rise of digital effects cinema in which the human performer is entangled with animation, collaged with other performers, or inserted into perilous or fantastic situations and scenery. Making Believe sheds new light on these developments by historicizing screen performance within the context of visual and special effects cinema and technological change in Hollywood filmmaking, through the silent, early sound, and current digital eras. Making Believe incorporates North American film reviews and editorials, actor and crew interviews, trade and fan magazine commentary, actor training manuals, and film production publicity materials to discuss the shifts in screen acting practice and philosophy around transfiguring makeup, doubles, motion capture, and acting to absent places or characters. Along the way it considers how performers and visual and special effects crew work together, and struggle with the industry, critics, and each other to define the aesthetic value of their work, in an industrial system of technological reproduction. Bode opens our eyes to the performing illusions we love and the tensions we experience in wanting to believe in spite of our knowledge that it is all make believe in the end.

The authors use time-tested, biblical advice to guide couples on how to "divorce-proof" their marriages.

The 2010s might be remembered as a time of increased polarization in American life. The decade contained both the Obama era and the Trump era, and as the nation’s political fissures widened, so did the gap between the haves and have-nots. Hollywood reflected these divisions, choosing to concentrate on big franchise blockbusters at the expense of mid-budget films, while new players like Netflix and Amazon offered fresh opportunities for low-budget and independent filmmakers. As the movie business changed, films ranging from American Sniper to Get Out found ways to speak to the concerns of a divided nation. The newest installment in the Screen Decades series, American Cinema in the 2010s takes a close look at the memorable movies, visionary filmmakers, and behind-the-scenes drama that made this decade such an exciting time to be a moviegoer. Each chapter offers an in-depth examination of a specific year, covering a wide variety of films, from blockbuster superhero movies like Black Panther and animated films like Frozen to smaller-budget biopics like I, Tonya and horror films like Hereditary. This volume introduces readers to a decade in which established auteurs like Quentin Tarantino were joined by an exceptionally diverse set of new talents, taking American cinema in new directions.

Abstract: High tibial medial open-wedge osteotomy (HTO) is an established treatment option for cartilage lesions in the medial compartment. It was this study's aim to evaluate the effect of asymptomatic single or kissing lesions in the lateral compartment on functional outcome after medial open-wedge osteotomy. A total of 156 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. All patients underwent HTO due to a varus deformity and a symptomatic cartilage lesion or osteoarthritis in the medial compartment. We acquired preoperative Lysholm and VAS Scores. Each open-wedge osteotomy was preceded by diagnostic arthroscopy to ensure the compartments were thoroughly documented and diagnosed. Cartilage lesions in the lateral compartment were evaluated, and three groups created according to their individual characteristics: group A (no cartilage lesion, n = 119), group B (single cartilage lesion, n = 16) and group C (kissing lesions, n = 21). Cartilage lesions were graded according to the Outerbridge classification, The functional postoperative outcome was determined by relying on several parameters (VAS Score, Lysholm, KOOS, WOMAC Score). Pre- and postoperative long-leg axis views were analyzed via special planning software (mediCAD, Hectec GmbH Germany). Mean follow-up was at 69.0 ± 30.3 months after surgery (range 22 to 121 months). There were no significant differences between the three groups in the correction angle chosen (p = 0.16). Regarding the outcome parameters, group A attained the best results in the WOMACpain Score (p = 0.03) and WOMACfunction Score (p = 0.05). A higher Outerbridge-Score of cartilage lesions in the lateral compartment was associated with a higher (i.e., worse) WOMACpain Score (p = 0.018) and WOMACfunction Score (p = 0.033). In all the groups (A, B, and C), HTO led to a significant improvement in the Lysholm Score (p