To this day, there is a great amount of controversy about where, when and how the so-called supercontinents--Pangea, Godwana, Rodinia, and Columbia--were made and broken. Continents and Supercontinents frames that controversy by giving all the necessary background on how continental crust is formed, modified, and destroyed, and what forces move plates. It also discusses how these processes affect the composition of seawater, climate, and the evolution of life. Rogers and Santosh begin with a survey of plate tectonics, and go on to describe the composition, production, and destruction of continental and oceanic crust, and show that cratons or assemblies of cratons became the first true continents, approximately one billion years after the earliest continental crust evolved. The middle part of the book concentrates on supercontinents, beginning with a discussion of types of orogenic belts, distinguishing those that formed by closure of an ocean basin within the belt and those that formed by intracontinental deformation caused by stresses generated elsewhere. This information permits discrimination between models of supercontinent formation by accretion of numerous small terranes and by reorganization of large old continental blocks. This background leads to a description of the assembly and fragmentation of supercontinents throughout earth history. The record is most difficult to interpret for the oldest supercontinent, Columbia, and also controversial for Rodinia, the next youngest supercontinent. The configurations and pattern of breakup of Gondwana and Pangea are well known, but some aspects of their assembly are unclear. The book also briefly describes the histories of continents after the breakup of Pangea, and discusses how changes in the composition of seawater, climate, and life may have been affected by the sizes and locations of continents and supercontinents.

Mineral Systems, Earth Evolution, and Global Metallogeny provides insights into the critical parameters of Earth's evolution, particularly in terms of thermal state, tectonics, and the atmosphere-hydrosphere-biosphere system, that control the metallogeny of the planet. World-class to giant mineral systems are described and interpreted in terms of their relationship to critical periods of change in tectonic regimes within the supercontinent cycle and evolution of the mantle lithosphere. Specific times of formation of highly anomalous giant mineral systems, such as the so-called Boring Billion, are discussed together with specific tectonic environments, such as craton edges and thick lithosphere margins. Mineral Systems, Earth Evolution, and Global Metallogeny provides an overview of how the evolution of Earth has dictated the nature and distribution of its mineral resources that are the foundation of our modern industries and provides insights into critical parameters for conceptual exploration targeting. Researchers, academicians, undergraduate and graduate students, and geologists in the fields of economic geology, geologic exploration, mineral systems, and earth evolution will find this to be a helpful textbook in understanding the timing and distribution of the world's major mineral deposits are related to critical parameters controlling earth evolution. - Draws together aspects of each book section through summary tables - Synthesizes data in each book section using summary diagrams/figures - Provides continuity between related sections of the book by providing end-of-chapter bullet-point conclusions

The Writer's Quotationary: Your Creative Companion! Are you a wordsmith extraordinaire, a master of storytelling, or an aspiring author seeking inspiration? Look no further, for "The Writer's Quotationary: Jokes, Quotes, & Anecdotes about Writing for Creatives" is the captivating companion you need to fuel your literary journey! Unleash Your Creativity: Step into a world brimming with literary gems carefully curated to ignite your creative spark! Immerse yourself in the wit and wisdom of renowned authors and writing virtuosos. From timeless quotes that stir your soul to amusing anecdotes that leave you chuckling, this book is a treasure trove that celebrates the art of writing. Unprecedented Inspiration: Let the words on these pages be the elixir that rejuvenates your writing spirit. Feel the motivation pulsating through your veins as you discover how literary legends overcame obstacles and found success. Unearth the secrets of their creative process, and embrace newfound inspiration with every turn of the page. Your Muse Awaits: Embark on a journey that transcends time and space, where the voices of writers past and present join forces to fuel your imagination. Lose yourself in the vivid tapestry of stories, jokes, and wisdom that this book weaves, giving wings to your thoughts and transforming them into literary masterpieces. Boost Your Confidence: As you soak in the wisdom of those who walked this path before you, witness a transformation within yourself. Embrace the confidence that comes from knowing you are part of a lineage of extraordinary storytellers. Embrace the feeling of being understood, of finding solace in the art you hold dear. Grab Your Pen and Unleash Your Brilliance! Allow "The Writer's Quotationary" to be your muse, guiding you through the ebbs and flows of creativity. Embrace the power of words, and let your unique voice echo through the ages. Whether you're an aspiring author, a seasoned writer, or simply someone who cherishes the beauty of language, this book is a testament to the wonders of storytelling. Unveil the magic that lies within these pages. Embrace the inspiration, laughter, and wisdom that await you. Your journey as a wordsmith is about to reach new heights - one unforgettable quotation at a time!

Metallic Mineral Resources: The Critical Components for a Sustainable Earth serves the increasing interest in metal resources, especially the critical and strategic metals which are essential commodities for the green energy transition. The opening chapters introduce the heterogeneous distribution of metal resources as well as the industrial use of metals. The main chapters then work systematically through abundant metal systems, scarce critical metal systems, rare critical metal systems, trace critical metal systems, and precious metal systems. The book wraps with a close examination of temporal distribution of mineral resources and an insightful discussion of the future of mineral resources. Researchers and engineers in economic geology and mining and exploration industries will find themselves returning to this key reference for years to come.• Describes how mineable and economic metal concentrations form and are preserved in the Earth's upper crust • Explores how they are discovered by systematic mineral exploration at a variety of scales • Discusses how to educate the public on the scarcity of natural metal resources and the issues concerning the nexus between the energy transition and potential exhaustion of critical metals