Ten years in public health 2007-2017 chronicles the evolution of global public health over the decade that Margaret Chan served as Director-General at the World Health Organization. This series of chapters evaluates successes setbacks and enduring challenges during the decade. They show what needs to be done when progress stalls or new threats emerge. The chapters show how WHO technical leadership can get multiple partners working together in tandem under coherent strategies. The importance of country leadership and community engagement is stressed repeatedly throughout the chapters. Together we have made tremendous progress. Health and life expectancy have improved nearly everywhere. Millions of lives have been saved. The number of people dying from malaria and HIV has been cut in half. WHO efforts to stop TB saved 49 million lives since the start of this century. In 2015 the number of child deaths dropped below 6 million for the first time a 50% decrease in annual deaths since 1990. Every day 19 000 fewer children die. We are able to count these numbers because of the culture of measurement and accountability instilled in WHO. These chapters tell a powerful story of global challenges and how they have been overcome. In a world facing considerable uncertainty international health development is a unifying – and uplifting – force for the good of humanity.

A large number of studies have investigated the effects of exercise on the body. Any type of activity increases the rate of energy expenditure and thus would aid in the control of excess adiposity. Use of exercise alone as the means for achieving weight loss is based on increasing the amount of activity until a negative calorie balance is obtained. In most weight loss investigations the amount of energy expenditure is calculated from the product of intensity of the exercise and its duration plus the energy expended in recovery. Recovery may be considered as the period required for ventilation rate, heart rate or oxygen consumption rate to return to the resting level. Since the rate of oxygen consumption was used to measure the metabolic rate it follows that the recovery period could be measured by the return of resting or basal metabolic rate to the pre-exercise level. (Author).