Capgras syndrome is characterized delusional belief that a person, usually related to the patient, has been replaced by imposters, The authors made a review of the literature concerning Capgras Syndrome based on a clinical case.We present a 36 year-old female with no psychiatric background. Seven months after her divorce, she started feeling anxious and distrustful around her friends and family. She later disclosed her belief that her mother and two children had been replaced by a nearly identical substitute. She was admitted in March 2017 to inpatient treatment with Risperidone 3mg/day and Venlafaxine 125mg/day. Clinical stabilization was obtained after three-week hospitalization Capgras syndrome (CS) is the most frequently reported delusional misidentication syndromes. It is characterized by the delusional belief that a person, usually closely related to the patient, has been replaced by imposters with a close resemblance to the originals.Although having been considered a rare psychiatric symptom mostly associated with Paranoid Schizophrenia, it has been estimated that up to 4-18% of psychotic patients exhibit CS, with cases described in various other psychiatric and organic diseases.Many reports have emphasized the high incidence of organic factors to be found in patients with CS, being hypothesized that individuals with Capgras delusion are consciously able to recognize faces, but lack automatic emotional arousal to familiar faces. This hypothesis is supported by both the imagiologic evidence of parieto-temporal and limbic regions in the right cerebral hemisphere and altered results in memory and perception tests verified in patients with CS.

Substance Abuse Disorders (SAD) in adolescents remains an important public health problem, since early initiation of drug use is correlated with a poorer outcome and an increased risk of behaviour problems, with possible legal repercussions.tttttttAdolescence is a development period characterized by a serie of changes, specially in the Central Nervous System associated with greater immaturity of neurobehavioral systems responsible for self-control and affect regulation. The potential for a poor match between impulse and controls points to increases in risk taking, novelty/sensation, making adolescents more vulnerable to join in high risk activities as illicit substance use.Evidence show that the neuronal plasticity present in this period, as much as stressful life-events are responsible for the vulnerability of adolescents to substance effect on the CNS, acting as a reinforcement of addictive behaviours.tQuantifying the risk for SAD is complicated by the fluctuating character of the risk level during development with variations in gene expression and exposure to environment.The genetic component of SAD is estimated reaching as high as 0.8. Also, common factors have been shown to account for heritabilities for different categories of substances, showing that common risk factors underlie the genetic risk for most substances. Environmental factors (Family and Peer environment) can interact with particular genotypes and phenotypes during development to produce the biobehavioural characteristics that influence the risk of SAD. tttttFor a comprehensive understanding of Substance Abuse Disorders, further research should be conducted to identify common risk factors and a structured systematic approach should be established.