This book examines international labour migrants in the context of South–South migration with a focus on Bangladeshi migration to Singapore. Two principal questions in the South–South migration are addressed: Why and how individuals migrate for work; and what impact this temporary form of migration has for migrants and their families. The book adopts a relatively new methodological approach to labour migration by linking different phases that migrants undergo in the migration process and by combining migrants in the host country with their families in the origin country. This is achieved through identifying and addressing six key areas: (i) migration policy, (ii) social imperatives of migration (iii) recruitment, (iv) social worlds of the migrants, (v) remittance process, and finally, (vi) family development dynamics. This book introduces the bari to migration research as a unit of analysis over and above individual and family units. The book reveals how social and cultural forces both initiate and perpetuate migration, and later on influence bari dynamics.

Scientific Essay from the year 2013 in the subject Politics - Other International Politics Topics, , language: English, abstract: It is an axiomatic fact that women leadership does not grow automatically rather it grows with the dynamic process of socio-cultural development of the country. Bangladesh and West Bengal, having a traditional socio-economic structure, do not have regular and systematic process of political participation of women, which is directly or indirectly linked to patriarchal values and kinship ties. Despite that in the recent days, numbers of women leaders at the grassroots level local government of both geographical areas have increased remarkably due to some change in the socio-cultural contexts and dimensions. Therefore, it deserves academic analysis and interpretation to delve into the dynamics and process of socio-cultural context that have contributed for the development of women leadership in both cases.

Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2013 in the subject Politics - Region: South Asia, , course: Graduate School of Public Administration (GSPA), language: English, abstract: In pluralistic societies, all over the world bureaucracy plays a predominant role for bringing social change, transformation, modernization and development. But in Bangladesh bureaucracy represents a dismal picture and suffers from various ills. Standing on the threshold of the 21st century when the whole world is experiencing cataclysmic change in the sphere of political transformation, economic globalization, technological innovation, media revolution and rapid growth of the nation states- it is now quite exigent to rearrange or reorganize the state machinery for coexisting with the changed world order. In consonance with the changes- the role, function and responsibility of bureaucracy should be devised in a way that it can ensure its productivity and efficiency by creating an enabling condition for development. Absence of efficiency, transparency, accountability, representational political culture, institutional weakness of political, social and economical apparatus and malfunction among those systems has made the bureaucratic system in Bangladesh despicable and disdainful. The paper, ipso facto, aims at unravelling the issues related with the concept of bureaucracy, the role of bureaucracy in the third world with special emphasis on Bangladesh, depicting a brief sketch about the traditional and development bureaucracy in Bangladesh. Lastly, but not the least, some suggestions to make the bureaucracy accountable, efficient and responsive to the people's demands and aspirations have been given.

The Indian diaspora is increasingly engaging with the homeland by forming a range of migrant organizations—organizations constituting a growing sector of non-State actors who engage with the host country and the country of origin in a sustained and profound way. Research on migrant organizations tends to focus only on transnational migrant organizations in host countries. Indian Migrant Organizations analyses a set of local and transnational organizations formed by Indian migrants, whose activities include mobilizing resources and connections and engaging in numerous development initiatives in India, and studies their engagement particularly in the Indian healthcare and education sectors. In particular, the book discusses how these organizations have evolved, what kind of healthcare and educational projects and activities they are carrying out, and how such collective efforts are affecting development dynamics in India.

Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2013 in the subject Politics - Region: Other States, , language: English, abstract: Bangladesh as one of the South Asian countries has been striving to develop a comprehensive education policy since its independence but failed to formulate such policy that could contribute to the development of the economy. The basic problem of primary and secondary level is poor enrolment and low retention rate in the school. To combat with this problem government of Bangladesh has been undertaking myriad policies and programs. Among such policies Female Secondary Stipend Program (FSSP), Food For Education Program (FFEP) and Free Text Book Distribution Program to the students of primary and secondary level are some innovative and better contributing policy interventions in the field of female education in Bangladesh. All these policy interventions are purported with the pivotal motto of reducing drop rate and increasing enrollment rate in the secondary education. All these policies are currently in operation except the Food for Education Program which has transformed into a cash transfer program very recently. Based on the policy problem of reducing dropout rate of the secondary female students in the school, the above policies on FFEP, FTBDP and FSSP were chosen as three policy alternatives taking FSSP as status quo with a view to measuring efficacy of these policies employing the cost effectiveness analysis method apprising their relative worth in reducing dropout of female students in the secondary level calculating the base year 1994 and analyzing up to 2015 years data and thereafter to suggest the best policy option for the government of Bangladesh. Data were generated and gathered from the available literatures on the above-mentioned alternatives. Primarily FSSP populations were used as baseline population and compare it with dropout and enrolment rate achieved of all the relevant alternatives and based on the unit cost and retained student CEA of all the policy alternatives were calculated on excel sheets first and all data were manually transformed into word format. The findings of the policy analysis unearthed the fact that in considering CEA of all the policy alternatives it was found that by using $1 it is possible to achieve a non-drop out sustained of 219 females in case of status quo (FSSP). In case of FTBDP by using 1$ it will be possible to retain 970 female students. In relation to FFEP it will cost the same $1 to achieve a non-drop out sustained of 14371 females enrolled. [...]

Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2013 in the subject Politics - Topic: Globalization, Political Economics, Thammasat University, Bangkok (National Institute of Development Administration(NIDA), Bangkok, Thailand ), language: English, abstract: In a globalized world the dynamics of rural development in Bangladesh has changed immensely. Globalization, free trade and privatization have brought about many positive and negative impacts on rural development. This article tries to focus on three major impacts of globalization on rural development such as impact on environment, poverty and women. In responding to the research questions that how globalization affected environmental degradation, what impact it has done on poverty reduction and women in Bangladesh, the author used a combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods. From the content analysis it was observed that globalization has seriously affected environment such as land degradation; deforestation; soil erosion; soil fertility loss; water logging; salinity and toxification of soils; damage and destruction of coral reefs, mangroves, fisheries; loss of bio-diversity and ecosystem; pollution of air and water bodies etc. that caused huge environmental disasters in Bangladesh. The research findings relating to impact of globalization on poverty reduction unearthed the fact that due to huge remittance from the expatriate foreign labours, exponential increases of agricultural growth especially in cereal crops and increase in labour cost have contributed to reduction of rural poverty in Bangladesh. The increase of agricultural growth was the end result of massive privatization of agricultural sector in Bangladesh that in fact helped the rich farmers to adopt HYV and modern agricultural practices, agrochemicals, pesticides, fertilizers; and privatization also helped them availing of low cost tube wells and agricultural inputs, increase of irrigation facilities. But the poor farmers were hardly affected by the privatization strategy. But the negative scenario in case of poverty is that globalization has increased income inequality in Bangladesh. Lastly, from both content analysis and case studies, it was found that globalization has created employment opportunities of women in the garments industries (RMG) in the export processing zones of Bangladesh. Mostly these women are the poverty stricken women who migrated to city areas from rural areas for employment but the foreign investors are exploited these women by providing a low salary and employed them excessive hours for ensuring their optimum production. [...]

This book highlights the design of a new type of solar chimney that has lower height and bigger diameter, and discusses its applications. The bigger diameter chimneys are introduced showing cold inflow phenomena that significantly reduced the performance of solar chimney. The cold inflow-free operation of solar chimneys restores the draft losses and enhances the performance of the solar chimneys. Numerical and experimental investigation results will be presented to highlight the performance of cold inflow-free solar chimney performance. In addition, this book covers the important basic design parameters that affect the design of solar chimney for different applications, mainly, solar chimney-assisted ventilation for passive cooling and power generation system.