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A large-capacity water balloon aparatus has been developed specifically for measuring the in-situ density of compacted high-way trench backfill. In operation water is expelled from a calibrated 6-L reservoir to displace a rubber membrane. A dual-valve system enables larger volumes to be measured by repeated filling of the reservoir. The apparatus is simple, robust, and inexpensive, and has been used to measure hole volumes up to 30 L, with depths up to 0.8 m. It is much smaller and more easily handled that previous medium capacity apparatuses. Proving trials have shown that the apparatus can reliably determine hole volumes to an accuracy of +0/-0.6%, which is a significant improvement over the performance of the standard small volume equipment.

The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), pursuant to the Poison Prevention Packaging Act (PPPA), has legislative responsibility for the Poison Prevention Packaging Technical Advisory Committee (TAC). The TAC has representatives of federal agencies (as well as consumers), manufacturers of household substances, representatives of the packaging and closure industries, and members of the scientific and medical fields. Consistent wih the CPSC's mandate under the PPPA, the TAC examines the need for special packaging to protect children from serious personal injury or illness resulting from handling, using, or ingesting various substances. In order to require protective packaging, the product must be one likely to cause serious personal injury to a child five years of age or under. The TAC must also look to whether such special packaging is technically feasible, practical, and appropriate.