This book presents selected peer-reviewed contributions from the 2020 International Conference on “Physics and Mechanics of New Materials and Their Applications”, PHENMA 2020 (26–29 March 2021, Kitakyushu, Japan), focusing on processing techniques, physics, mechanics, and applications of advanced materials. The book describes a broad spectrum of promising nanostructures, crystal structures, materials, and composites with unique properties. It presents nanotechnological design approaches, environmental-friendly processing techniques, and physicochemical as well as mechanical studies of advanced materials. The selected contributions describe recent progress in computational materials science methods and algorithms (in particular, finite-element and finite-difference modelling) applied to various technological, mechanical, and physical problems. The presented results are important for ongoing efforts concerning the theory, modelling, and testing of advanced materials. Other results are devoted to promising devices with higher accuracy, increased longevity, and greater potential to work effectively under critical temperatures, high pressure, and in aggressive environments.

This is an up-to-date review of studies in the physics of pulsed electrical discharges in a vacuum. It gives the reader detailed information on the processes occurring at electrodes and in vacuum gaps and on the mechanisms of discharge initiation and development. Modern techniques and equipment are described in detail. Their high temporal and spatial resolution may be used to solve a number of problems concerning the short-term and microscopic aspects of discharges. A summary is given of a great deal of experimental data on the kinetics of vacuum breakdown. The authors used these results to identify a series of steps in the vacuum breakdown phenomenon. They were the first to discover and describe the explosive electron emission phenomenon and to show its fundamental role in the spark and the arc stages of a discharge. The information in this book may encourage the reader to design new experiments. The results presented may be applied to solve specific research or engineering problems.

Congress will include 4 events the 21th International Symposium on High Current Electronics, the 15th International Conference on Modification of Materials with Particle Beams and Plasma Flows, the 19th International Conference on Radiation Physics and Chemistry of Condensed Matter, the 4rd International Conference on New Materials and High Technologies Thus, during the Congress there will be discussed the wide range of scientific and technical problems in the fields of Pulsed power technology Ion and electron beams High power microwaves Plasma and particle beam sources Modification of material properties Pulsed power applications in chemistry, biology and medicine Physical and chemical non linear processes in inorganic dielectrics under the action of particle and photon beams Physical principles of radiation related and additive technologies Self propagating high temperature synthesis and Combustion waves in heterogeneous systems

Pulsed power technology, in the simplest of terms, usually concerns the storage of electrical energy over relatively long times and then its rapid release over a comparatively short period. However, if we leave the definition at that, we miss a multitude of aspects that are important in the ultimate application of pulsed power. It is, in fact, the application of pulsed power technology to which this series of texts will be foc~sed. Pulsed power in today's broader sense means "special power" as opposed to the traditional situation of high voltage impulse issues related to the utility industry. Since the pulsed power field is primarily application driven it has principally engineering flavor. Today's applications span those from materials processing, such as metal forming by pulsed magnetic fields, to commercial applications, such as psychedelic strobe lights or radar modulators. Very high peak power applica tions occur in research for inertial confinement fusion and the Strategic Defense Initiative and other historical defense uses. In fact it is from this latter direction that pulsed power has real ized explosive growth over the past half century. Early thrusts were in electrically powered systems that simulated the environment or effects of nuclear weapons detonation. More recently it is being utilized as prime power sources for directed energy weapons, such as lasers, microwaves, particle beam weapons, and even mass drivers (kinetic energy weapons).

This book is a collection of dialogues between various historical and fictional characters, spanning a wide range of topics and themes such as politics, philosophy, and literature. It provides a thought-provoking glimpse into the minds of influential figures and draws from a diverse set of perspectives. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Cellular Actuators: Modularity and Variability in Muscle-Inspired Actuation describes the roles actuators play in robotics and their insufficiency in emerging new robotic applications, such as wearable devices and human co-working robots where compactness and compliance are important. Piezoelectric actuators, the topic of this book, provide advantages like displacement scale, force, reliability, and compactness, and rely on material properties to provide displacement and force as reactions to electric stimulation. The authors, renowned researchers in the area, present the fundamentals of muscle-like movement and a system-wide study that includes the design, analysis, and control of biologically inspired actuators. This book is the perfect guide for researchers and practitioners who would like to deploy this technology into their research and products. - Introduces Piezoelectric Actuators concepts in a system wide integrated approach - Acts as a single source for the design, analysis, and control of actuator arrays - Presents applications to illustrate concepts and the potential of the technology - Details the physical assembly possibilities of Piezo actuators - Presents fundamentals of bio inspired actuation - Introduces the concept of cellular actuators