Based on three case studies of Swedish nonprofit organizations working with the Swedish anti-alcohol, anti-drug abuse temperance movements (CAN, Centralförbundet för alkohol- och narkotikaupplysning; IOGT-NTO, International Organisation of Good Templars-Nationaltemplarorden; and a bundle of organizations, such as UNF, Ungdomens Nykterhetsförbund, etc.), the author asks: Why do these nonprofit organizations use science? Is ideology not enough? Is science used to support an ideology or is it used instead of an ideology? The book addresses the importance of science for governing non-profit organizations, motivating non-profit, members and employees, as well as increasing the independence of non-profit organizations.