By looking backward at the course of great extinctions, a paleontologist sees what the future holds. More than 200 million years ago, a cataclysmic event known as the Permian extinction destroyed more than 90 percent of all species and nearly 97 percent of all living things. Its origins have long been a puzzle for paleontologists. During the 1990s and the early part of this century, a great battle was fought between those who thought that death had come from above and those who thought something more complicated was at work. Paleontologist Peter. D. Ward, fresh from helping prove that an asteroid had killed the dinosaurs, turned to the Permian problem, and he has come to a stunning conclusion. In his investigations of the fates of several groups of mollusks during that extinction and others, he discovered that the near-total devastation at the end of the Permian period was caused by rising levels of carbon dioxide leading to climate change. But it's not the heat (nor the humidity) that's directly responsible for the extinctions, and the story of the discovery of what is responsible makes for a fascinating, globe-spanning adventure. In Under a Green Sky, Ward explains how the Permian extinction as well as four others happened, and describes the freakish oceans—belching poisonous gas—and sky—slightly green and always hazy—that would have attended them. Those ancient upheavals demonstrate that the threat of climate change cannot be ignored, lest the world's life today—ourselves included—face the same dire fate that has overwhelmed our planet several times before.

Sea level rise will happen no matter what we do. Even if we stopped all carbon dioxide emissions today, the seas would rise one meter by 2050 and three meters by 2100. This -- not drought, species extinction, or excessive heat waves -- will be the most catastrophic effect of global warming. And it won't simply redraw our coastlines -- agriculture, electrical and fiber optic systems, and shipping will be changed forever. As icebound regions melt, new sources of oil, gas, minerals, and arable land will be revealed, as will fierce geopolitical battles over who owns the rights to them. In The Flooded Earth, species extinction expert Peter Ward describes in intricate detail what our world will look like in 2050, 2100, 2300, and beyond -- a blueprint for a foreseeable future. Ward also explains what politicians and policymakers around the world should be doing now to head off the worst consequences of an inevitable transformation.

Everyone wonders what tomorrow holds, but what will the real future look like? Not decades or even hundreds of years from now, but thousands or millions of years into the future. Will our species change radically? Or will we become builders of the next dominant intelligence on Earth- the machine? These and other seemingly fantastic scenarios are the very possible realities explored in Peter Ward's Future Evolution, a penetrating look at what might come next in the history of the planet. Looking to the past for clues about the future, Ward describes how the main catalyst for evolutionary change has historically been mass extinction. While many scientist direly predict that humanity will eventually create such a situation, Ward argues that one is already well underway--the extinction of large mammals--and that a new Age of Humanity is coming that will radically revise the diversity of life on Earth. Finally, Ward examines the question of human extinction and reaches the startling conclusion that the likeliest scenario is not our imminent demise but long term survival--perhaps reaching as far as the death of the Sun! Full of Alexis Rockman's breathtaking color images of what animals, plants and other organisms might look like thousands and millions of years from now, Future Evolution takes readers on an incredible journey through time from the deep past into the far future.

To help us understand what happened during the Ice Age, Peter Ward takes us on a tour of other mass extinctions through earth's history. He presents a compelling account of the great comet crash that killed off the dinosaurs, and describes other extinctions that were even more extensive. In so doing, he introduces us to a profound paradigm shift now taking place in paleontology: rather than arising from the gradual workings of everyday forces, all mass extinctions are due to unique, catastrophic events. Written with an irresistible combination of passion and expertise, The Call of Distant Mammoths is an engaging exploration of the history of life and the importance of humanity as an evolutionary force. "Carefully argued...an intelligent and compelling book."-THE OLYMPIAN, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON "Ward deftly summarizes a large body of scientific literature, simplifying complex ideas for the general reader without condescension."-PUBLISHERS WEEKLY "Did the overkill really happen?...Peter Ward deftly summarizes the arguments...Ward tells (the story) well."-THE NEW SCIENTIST

Planet Earth is middle-aged. Science has worked hard to piece together the story of the evolution of our world up to this point, but only recently have we developed the understanding and the tools to describe the entire life cycle of a planet. Ward and Brownlee, a geologist and an astronomer respectively, combine their knowledge of how the critical sustaining systems of our planet evolve through time with their understanding of the life cycles of stars and solar systems, to tell the story of the second half of Earth's life. The process of evolution will essentially reverse itself: life as we know it will subside until only the simplest forms remain. Eventually, they too will disappear. The oceans will evaporate, the atmosphere will degrade, and, as the sun slowly expands, Earth itself will eventually meet a fiery end. --From publisher description.

What determines whether complex life will arise on a planet, or even any life at all? Questions such as these are investigated in this groundbreaking book. In doing so, the authors synthesize information from astronomy, biology, and paleontology, and apply it to what we know about the rise of life on Earth and to what could possibly happen elsewhere in the universe. Everyone who has been thrilled by the recent discoveries of extrasolar planets and the indications of life on Mars and the Jovian moon Europa will be fascinated by Rare Earth, and its implications for those who look to the heavens for companionship.

What is the past? It is a time as well as a place. Acclaimed author Peter D. Ward describes the tools that contemporary scientists use to uncover facts about the past - terrain, climate, and the life forms that once inhabited this planet. Time Machines presents fascinating profiles of the deep past and the scientists who are making it come alive. "...for the general reader, Time Machines may be the most interesting book yet by the University of Washington prof..." -SEATTLE WEEKLY "For anyone interested in how and why as well as the what of paleontology, Time Machines is a must read."-AMERICAN SCIENTIST

Sind wir allein im Universum? Auf diese Frage geben der Geologe Peter D. Ward und der Astrobiologe Donald Brownlee überraschende Antworten. Sie widersprechen der allgemeinen Annahme, dass höher entwickeltes Leben außerhalb der Erde existiert, vielleicht sogar weit verbreitet ist. Auf der Suche nach Leben im Universum nehmen sie den Leser mit auf eine spannende Reise von den heißen vulkanischen Quellen des Ozeanbodens bis zu dem frostigen Antlitz von Europa, dem Jupiter-Mond. Dabei lernt der Leser, dass niedrig entwickeltes Leben vielleicht weiter verbreitet ist, als bisher angenommen, die Entstehung höher entwickelten Lebens aber zu komplex ist, um außerhalb der Erde stattfinden zu können. Ein faszinierendes, erfrischend geschriebenes Buch, das auf dem neuesten Stand der Wissenschaft beruht.

從古生物學、地質學與天文學重新檢視地球的與眾不同，以及複雜生命誕生的奇蹟 ◎古生物學家程延年博士推薦序〈我們是宇宙間的孤兒嗎？〉 ◎北一女中地球科學學習網站地球科學讀物推薦選書 ◎長銷20年紀念新版（前版書名：《寂寞的地球: 宇宙唯一有複雜生命的行星》） 月球和火星為什麼沒有生命？ 全球首富馬斯克計畫移民火星、科學家證實月球的土壤可以養育植物，但月球和火星和地球距離不遠，也都看似具有可以養育生命的條件，為何都不像地球擁有複雜的生態系和豐富的生物群相？ 為何在太陽系或是整個宇宙中找不到第二顆地球？ 生命誕生的條件 華德與布朗李這兩位地質學與天文學的頂尖教授，將在這本書中融合古生物學、地質學與天文學，帶我們檢視地球與眾不同之處。本書從地球的各種地質證據開始，從最貼近我們的地球海床深處，擴及宇宙天文上的發現，遠至木星的衛星歐羅巴，逐一比較討論地球發展出生命的各種條件可能，並在最後檢視地球為何如此特別。 充滿奇蹟的地球 作者認為在宇宙中，微生物或等同微生物的生命型態應該非常普遍，但是複雜生命，尤其是動物和維管束植物，可能遠少於一般假設的數量，因為高等生物演化與生存所需的條件非常複雜。這些要素包括DNA的形成、板塊運動和月球所扮演的角色等，缺少任何一項就不可能有今日地球上的蓬勃生命。複雜生命的誕生，是一個奇蹟，是一連串偶然要素的相遇，才形成了地球上的複雜生物。本書帶我們重新了解這個生命誕生的過程，了解這顆宇宙中與眾不同的星球。