Colwell, the first female director of the National Science Foundation, discusses the entrenched sexism in science, the elaborate detours women have taken to bypass the problem, and how to fix the system. When she first applied for a graduate fellowship in bacteriology, she was told, "We don't waste fellowships on women." Over her six decades in science, as she encounters other women pushing back against the status quo, Colwell also witnessed the advances that could be made when men and women worked together. Here she offers an astute diagnosis of how to fix the problem of sexism in science-- and a celebration of the women pushing back.--

This report focuses on the dangers biological terrorism pose to individuals, communities, nations, and, indeed, perhaps even to the survival of civilization itself, it behooves humanity to beware of the nature and security implications of this potential challenge. A quick overview of biological terrorism consists of both natural causes as well as man-made operations. In sum, the globalization of pandemic outbreaks of deadly infectious diseases are only a matter of time. Facing these and other potential biological threats, the U.S. government is spending billions annually to address the challenge. Thus far at least, federal efforts are incomprehensive and fragmented.