Throughout history the control of land has been the basis of political power. Cadastral maps - cartographic records of property ownership - played an important role in the rise of modern Europe as tools for the consolidation and extension of land-based national power. The Cadastral Map in the Service of the State: A History of Properly Mapping, illustrated with 127 maps, traces the development and application of rural property mapping in Europe and European colonies from the Renaissance through the nineteenth century. The authors go beyond traditional cartographic research, approaching the maps as political instruments rather than as simple geographical or historical tools. The result is an unprecedented examination of the political and economic forces behind the production of maps and advances in cartography, demonstrating how the seemingly neutral science of cartography became a political instrument for national interests. Beginning with a review of the roots of cadastral mapping in the Roman Empire, the authors concentrate on the use of cadastral maps in the Netherlands, France, England, the Nordic countries, the German lands, the territories of the Austrian Habsburgs, and the European colonies. During the seventeenth century, governments began to use maps to secure economic and political bases; by the nineteenth century, these maps had become tools for aggressive governmental control of land as tax bases, natural resources, and national territories. The culmination of extensive bibliographic and archival research made possible by the authors' considerable linguistic skills, this work draws from source materials in ten languages and spanning five centuries. It will remain thedefinitive source on the subject for years to come. The Cadastral Map in the Service of the State was awarded the 1991 Kenneth Nebenzahl Prize for the best new manuscript in the history of cartography.

Offering an alternative tuition method Xtreme features core lessons, true stories, superstar tips, Top 10s and a style guru for the voice. This book is tutor-led by its very own artist character - Harmony, a pop princess, a la Britney Spears who will guide the student, highlight important points and provide humour. The series is education focused and will complement the national curriculum.

Geohistorical sources, among which are those of the catastral and paracatastral type, generally have greater heterogeneity and typological variety than in their current versions. Thus, research with geohistorical sources, approached from multiple disciplines (Geography, History, Art, Anthropology, Environmental Sciences, Urban Planning, Architecture, Demography...) represents a great boost for the analysis, knowledge and study of the territory, of landscapes and society from a spatiotemporal perspective. This publication with the title Geohistorical sources, new technologies, new challenges was born from the 1st lnternational Congress of Geohistorical Sources: territory and society in time will focus on relevant topics: the application of this type of sources in studies of various typologies; the methodological contributions or the generation of work standards applicable to catastral and para-catastral sources from different areas and periods; didactics around geohistorical sources; the promotion of these sources through the use of new technologies in the field of Humanities and Social Sciences; the study and analysis of catastral, paracatastral, statistical and cartographic documentation whose objective is to know the characteristics of the sources themselves and their contents, etc. In short, this scientific meeting and its subsequent publication in collaboration with the publishers of the University of Cantabria and the Autonomous University of Madrid has the objective of serving as a platform for researchers and technicians who are developing approaches about the purpose of each source, what ideological, political, social and economic circumstances motivated them, what their contents can be used for today, what data are collected and with what criteria they are aggregated and elaborated, what documents are prepared directly and indirectly and, finally, with what human resources, with what techniques they were built and with what technical, human and contextual resources they were developed.

(Music Sales America). Train your voice to perform in live and studio conditions. This handy pocket-sized guide is packed with excercises for both male and female voices. Adapted from a syllabus originally developed for the Brighton Institute of Modern Music. 4 x 5-3/4

Master the tough art of rock and pop singing Contains professional advice from highly respected trainer Roger Kain Features two full-length vocal workout CDs for home learning.