This guide has been prepared by the IUCN Environmental Law Programme and the Foundation for International Environmental Law and Development (FIELD), in cooperation with the World Resources Institute (WRI). The main goal of the guide is to facilitate the understanding of the obligations of Parties to the Protocol, by providing an information base on the content and origin of the Protocol provisions, accessible to the non-specialist and useful for those who will be involved in the development and implementation of national safety frameworks.

The dramatic rise in the number of international courts and tribunals and the expansion of their legal powers has been one of the most significant developments in international law of the late 20th century. The emergence of an international judiciary provided international law with a stronger than ever law enforcement apparatus, and facilitated the transformation of many aspects of international relations from being power-based to being law-based.The first edition of the Manual on International Courts and Tribunals, published in 1999, was the first book to survey systematically this new institutional landscape, by describing in an accessible and uniformly structured manner the legal powers and operating procedures of all major international judicial and quasi-judicial bodies. In doing so, it laid the groundwork for comparative study and research of the law and practice of international courts and tribunals - an emerging field of international legal research, which has already spurred a series of publications, conferences and academic courses. This second edition updates the first edition by describing the many legal changes that have taken place in the last decade, including important reforms in the laws and procedures of many international courts and tribunals, relevant developments in their increasingly rich jurisprudence and the creation of new judicial fora. Moreover, it assesses the overall record of these judicial bodies. The data and legal analysis offered in the book provide both practitioners and academics with an important basis of knowledge that will help them better understand the details of international adjudication and its context.

This book examines liability for environmental harm in Antarctic, deep seabed, and high seas commons areas, highlighting a unique set of legal questions: Who has standing to claim environmental harms in global commons ecosystems? How should questions of causation and liability be addressed where harm arises from a variety of activities by state and non-state actors? What kinds of harm should be compensable in global commons ecosystems, which are remote and characterized by high levels of scientific uncertainty? How can practical concerns such as ensuring adequate funds for compensation be resolved? This book provides the first in-depth examination and evaluation of current rules and possible avenues for future legal developments in this area of increasing importance for states, international organizations, commercial actors, and legal and governance scholars. This title is part of the Flip it Open Programme and may also be available Open Access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.

The new edition of this essential text offers a comprehensive, critical and future-thinking commentary on international environmental law.

International courts are called upon to decide upon an increasingly wide range of issues of global importance, yet public knowledge of international judges and the process by which they are appointed remains very limited. Drawing on extensive empirical research, this book explains how the judges who sit on international courts are selected.

"This book provides an overview of the jurisdiction and procedures of all the principal general and specialised international dispute settlement bodies. This includes those established in the areas of human rights; international criminal law; law of the sea; trade; investment and regional economic co-operation; development finance; and the environment. Written by leading experts, this book is a practical guide on how to bring, defend or intervene in proceedings before these institutions and clarify how they work. It provides the information needed to offer advice on the appropriate forum, with the confidence of being fully aware of the global range of possibilities and how to use them."

This book contains the thoughts of officials of international organisations and NGOs, member of judicial bodies, and academics on the role of international organisations and the settlement of contentious cases before international judicial bodies. At a time when States are delegating a larger range of powers to international organisations their access to international judicial bodies remains very restricted. For example at the International Court of Justice international organisations can play no role in litigating cases. Their only access is the ability to request an 'advisory opinion' and that right is limited to just some UN agencies. In addition to the lack of access, the other theme of this work is a discussion of the issue of the independence of international judicial bodies from the organisations to which they belong. It is crucial for the credibility of the international judicial system for judicial bodies to act independently from the body to which they belong. From the perspective of this book, international organisations are self-contained worlds where judicial and political organs interplay.This is an extremely timely book that will be of interest to practitioners and scholars who are involved in issues related to cases before international judicial bodies.

El objetivo principal de la guía es facilitar la comprensión de las obligaciones de las partes del protocolo, proporcionando una base de información sobre el contenido y el origen de las disposiciones, accesible para los no especialistas y útil para quienes estarán involucrados en el desarrollo y la implementación de marcos nacionales de seguridad.