As the pervasiveness, complexity, and scale of these systems grow, the lack of meaningful accountability and oversight – including basic safeguards of responsibility, liability, and due process – is an increasingly urgent concern. Building on our 2016 and 2017 reports, this report contends with this central problem and addresses the following key issues: 1. The growing accountability gap in AI, which favors those who create and deploy these technologies at the expense of those most affected. 2. The use of AI to maximize and amplify surveillance, especially in conjunction with facial and affect recognition, increasing the potential for centralized control and oppression. 3. Increasing government use of automated decision systems that directly impact individuals and communities without established accountability structures. 4. Unregulated and unmonitored forms of AI experimentation on human populations. 5. The limits of technological solutions to problems of fairness, bias, and discrimination.