Eusocial insect colonies, such as ants and bees, are thought to be highly resilient to environmental change and disturbances due to their highly social structure. Social resilience is described as the capacity of eusocial insect colonies to recover from stress and adapt to changing conditions. Yet, the consequences of stress on social resilience is not well understood. Stress response is particularly relevant in honeybee colonies, considering the high losses of colonies in past decades, and their importance in biodiversity and agriculture. Therefore, the aim of this study was to improve knowledge on social resilience and stress response in eusocial insects, and find potential ways to monitor honeybee colony status to prevent future losses. Our findings suggest that chronic stress may impair coping mechanisms of colonies, especially thermoregulation ability and compromise social resilience. This can leave colonies critically vulnerable in winter/early spring, a time of harsh conditions and low resource availability, affecting growth, reproductive success and survival. Fluctuations in colony cluster temperature can be used as an effective measure of social resilience, and colony status, and may be implemented for future loss prevention. Overall, considering the vital role of temperature regulation in eusocial insects, these results can have implications on social resilience across species.