This straightforward guide to taking patient history comprehensively covers all of the commonly seen OSCE scenarios within the current undergraduate medical curriculum. The Easy Guide to Focused History Taking for OSCEs includes introductory chapters with general OSCE guidance, mapping onto the Calgary-Cambridge model. These include tips from recently qualified doctors and highly respected physicians and surgeons who commonly examine OSCEs, as well as a sample OSCE marking scheme. The book then covers 56 histories based on presenting complaints - more than any other text on the market - thoroughly testing both knowledge and examination technique. Each history is based around the exam requirements, with mnemonics, ‘red flag’ symptom boxes and list-based breakdowns to aid prompt recall. Common and serious differentials are highlighted, as well as investigations to help rule out the serious conditions. Each section concludes by outlining key aspects for each differential diagnosis as well as a list of investigations and management options. With this book, every student will be well equipped to tackle any clinical problem, in the OSCE examination and also in their continued professional practice.

Achieving a truly sustainable energy transition requires progress across multiple dimensions beyond climate change mitigation goals. This article reviews and synthesizes results from disparate strands of literature on the coeffects of mitigation to inform climate policy choices at different governance levels. The literature documents many potential cobenefits of mitigation for nonclimate objectives, such as human health and energy security, but little is known about their overall welfare implications. Integrated model studies highlight that climate policies as part of well-designed policy packages reduce the overall cost of achieving multiple sustainability objectives. The incommensurability and uncertainties around the quantification of coeffects become, however, increasingly pervasive the more the perspective shifts from sectoral and local to economy wide and global, the more objectives are analyzed, and the more the results are expressed in economic rather than nonmonetary terms. Different strings of evidence highlight the role and importance of energy demand reductions for realizing synergies across multiple sustainability objectives.

This straight-forward guide to taking patient history comprehensively covers all of the commonly seen OSCE scenarios within the current undergraduate medical curriculum. Focused History Taking for OSCEs includes an introductory chapter with general OSCE guidance, including tips from recently qualified doctors and highly respected physicians and surgeons who commonly examine OSCEs. It covers over 50 histories based on presenting complaints - more than any other text on the market - thoroughly testing both knowledge and examination technique. Each history is based around what the candidate is required to consider, with mnemonics and list-based breakdowns to aid prompt recall. It then concludes by outlining key aspects for each differential diagnosis as well as a list of investigations and management options.

In many paediatric cases the definitive diagnosis may not be made in the primary caresetting, but this is where suspicions are often raised. General practitioners are, therefore, required to maintain a breadth of knowledge covering the specialty. Following the highly successful Difficult Cases in Primary Care series format, this invaluableguide outlines case scenarios followed by highly detailed explanations of the specificconditions and their management, presenting the symptoms in a way that are likely to beencountered in general practice. Each case also includes questions for examination pract.

This paper reviews a sampling of the literature that supports the contention that violence and abuse lead to a significant increase in health care utilization and costs.

This research makes use of the Scottish Longitudinal Study to explore the nature of some return and other migration flows to Scotland by investigating the characteristics of those who constitute them.