This book may seem a simple accumulation of twenty-one public space projects in eight Latin American cities. On closer inspection, the presentation of project descriptions, photographs, and annotated drawings reflects a concern to analytically explain the operative aspects at work. The publication is not intended to serve only as a catalogue, guide, or manual on how to produce public space in spontaneous settlements. Rather, it goes beyond the aims of an index of best practices. It is intended, instead, as an empirical base for a critical and theoretical engagement with the problematic of development, social inclusion, public investment, (in)formal settlement, civil society and the public sphere. The publication achieves its final function at this third level, by providing a compelling argument to expand the agency of architects and urban designers and creatively find ways of justifying, financing, and building public spaces in communities —spaces that have a catalytic effectiveness in achieving significant urban and social transformation. This book was awarded by a Graham Foundation Grant and CAF Development Bank of Latin America. FEATURED CASE STUDIES: CONSERVATION 72 Linear parks along the Estero Salado | Guayaquil, Ecuador 80 National Park Babil.nia and Chap.u Mangueira | R.o de Janeiro, Brasil 88 Urban agriculture along the Rimac River | Lima, Peru WASTE MANAGEMENT 96 Moravia Ecological Park | Medellin, Colombia 104 Plaza La Cruz, La Palomera | Caracas, Venezuela RISKMANAGEMENT 112 El Guasmo Beach, floodable park | Guayaquil, Ecuador 120 Safety plazas in Santa Mar.a El Triunfo | Lima, Peru 128 Recovery of the Juan Bobo Creek | Medellin, Colombia INFRASTRUCTURE 136 Northeast metrocable parks Comuna 1, La Popular | Medell.n, Colombia 144 Barrio Las Independencias escalators and walkways | Medellin, Colombia 152 Funicular in Dona Marta | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 160 Complexo do Alem.o | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 168 Ecotecnia Urbana Miravalle | Mexico City, Mexico PAVEMENT, PATHS AND THE SPACE SURROUNDING BUILDINGS 176 Pavement, paths and stairs Cerro Santo Doming and Cerro Toro | Valpara.so, Chile 184 Cerro Santa Ana urban rehabilitation | Guayaquil, Ecuador 192 Fernando Botero Library | Medellin, Colombia 200 Moravia Cultural Center | Medellin, Colombia 208 Espa.o Crian.a and community programs | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 216 Plaza in Villa Tranquila | Buenos Aires, Argentina ACTIVITY 224 Casa Kolacho Comuna 13 | Medellin, Colombia 232 AfroReggae Cultural Center | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 240 Alto Per. | Lima, Peru 248 El Calvario Puertas Abiertas | Caracas, Venezuela

This book may seem a simple accumulation of twenty-one public space projects in eight Latin American cities. On closer inspection, the presentation of project descriptions, photographs, and annotated drawings reflects a concern to analytically explain the operative aspects at work. The publication is not intended to serve only as a catalogue, guide, or manual on how to produce public space in spontaneous settlements. Rather, it goes beyond the aims of an index of best practices. It is intended, instead, as an empirical base for a critical and theoretical engagement with the problematic of development, social inclusion, public investment, (in)formal settlement, civil society and the public sphere. The publication achieves its final function at this third level, by providing a compelling argument to expand the agency of architects and urban designers and creatively find ways of justifying, financing, and building public spaces in communities —spaces that have a catalytic effectiveness in achieving significant urban and social transformation. This book was awarded by a Graham Foundation Grant and CAF Development Bank of Latin America. FEATURED CASE STUDIES: CONSERVATION 72 Linear parks along the Estero Salado | Guayaquil, Ecuador 80 National Park Babil.nia and Chap.u Mangueira | R.o de Janeiro, Brasil 88 Urban agriculture along the Rimac River | Lima, Peru WASTE MANAGEMENT 96 Moravia Ecological Park | Medellin, Colombia 104 Plaza La Cruz, La Palomera | Caracas, Venezuela RISKMANAGEMENT 112 El Guasmo Beach, floodable park | Guayaquil, Ecuador 120 Safety plazas in Santa Mar.a El Triunfo | Lima, Peru 128 Recovery of the Juan Bobo Creek | Medellin, Colombia INFRASTRUCTURE 136 Northeast metrocable parks Comuna 1, La Popular | Medell.n, Colombia 144 Barrio Las Independencias escalators and walkways | Medellin, Colombia 152 Funicular in Dona Marta | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 160 Complexo do Alem.o | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 168 Ecotecnia Urbana Miravalle | Mexico City, Mexico PAVEMENT, PATHS AND THE SPACE SURROUNDING BUILDINGS 176 Pavement, paths and stairs Cerro Santo Doming and Cerro Toro | Valpara.so, Chile 184 Cerro Santa Ana urban rehabilitation | Guayaquil, Ecuador 192 Fernando Botero Library | Medellin, Colombia 200 Moravia Cultural Center | Medellin, Colombia 208 Espa.o Crian.a and community programs | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 216 Plaza in Villa Tranquila | Buenos Aires, Argentina ACTIVITY 224 Casa Kolacho Comuna 13 | Medellin, Colombia 232 AfroReggae Cultural Center | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 240 Alto Per. | Lima, Peru 248 El Calvario Puertas Abiertas | Caracas, Venezuela

Compreender os mecanismos da dominaçâo econ6mica e da pobreza é descobrir as ilhas de Cabo Verde através de um projecto colonial hesitante e sem meios compativeis com as suas ambiçôes.

Para quem vive e trabalha numa sociedade moderna como a portuguesa, a utilização de produtos bancários é uma constante do quotidiano, de tal modo que nos seria difícil imaginar como seria viver e trabalhar todos os dias sem ter uma conta à ordem ou um cartão multibanco. Da mesma forma que, para a maior parte das pessoas, é pouco concebível a aquisição de habitação própria sem recurso a um empréstimo bancário. Como é fácil de calcular, esta dependência em relação aos serviços providenciados pelos bancos (e alguns por outras empresas financeiras) é uma decorrência das exigências de interacção nas nossas sociedades, que afecta todos os que nela vivem, independentemente da sua nacionalidade. No entanto, os imigrantes constituem uma população mais sujeita à exclusão financeira do que a população em geral. Esta exclusão financeira decorre da posição social e económica ocupada por muitos imigrantes, que se encontram a trabalhar nos segmentos menos qualificados e mais mal pagos do mercado de trabalho português. Associada aos baixos salários e às baixas qualificações dos trabalhos está também a precariedade dos vínculos laborais, que expõe o imigrante a períodos de desemprego e de grande privação económica. Tudo isto contribui para uma baixa capacidade de poupança e para um consumo mais orientado para a satisfação das necessidades básicas: habitação e alimentação. Se juntarmos à situação económica e social as dificuldades de comunicação devido à língua e a falta de documentos válidos de residência, temos vários factores de exclusão bancária.

Los pactos con el Patas de Hilo no son para tomarlos a la ligera. En los campos chilenos cuentan que, cuando vivían los abuelos de tus abuelos, Segundo, el inquilino de una hacienda, decidió cambiar su suerte en la mágica Noche de San Juan.

¿Sabías que la Navidad no siempre se celebró como hoy? La Nochebuena era la fiesta más alegre de todas y la gente festejaba en las calles, entre ferias y ramadas. Fue en una de esas antiguas navidades a la chilena, en que Manolito y doña Brígida se encontraron. Did you know that, in Chile, Christmas was not always celebrated as today? Christmas Eve was the most joyous festival of all and people cheered in the streets, including fairs and ramadas. It was in one of those old Chilean Christmas when Manolito and Doña Brígida found each other.

El año 1967 se inició el proceso de Reforma Universitaria en el país y la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, que jugaría un rol crucial, elegía como su rector al profesor de la facultad de Arquitectura, Fernando Castillo Velasco. Con convicción y liderazgo el rector encausó este proceso, que fue vital para iniciar una verdadera transformación de la universidad y que, sumado al trabajo de las décadas siguientes, daría paso a la institución que conocemos hoy. Este libro recopila sus palabras, dispersas en discursos, entrevistas, columnas, manifiestos y prólogos durante más de cuarenta años. Organizadas cronológicamente en torno a tres grandes ámbitos de su acción -"arquitectura", "universidad" y "política"- ellas dan cuenta de su manera de entender el mundo y actuar en él. Hombre multifacético, -arquitecto, profesor, rector, alcalde, por mencionar algunos de sus roles-, buscó convocar las voluntades individuales para realizar proyectos comunes más allá de las diferencias. Se esforzó, por ello, en generar espacios que permitieran la convivencia y el diálogo de una comunidad participativa. A pesar del paso de los años, gran parte de los temas tratados por Fernando Castillo siguen siendo actuales y sus palabras nos permiten revisar la historia reciente de nuestro país. Estas páginas nos invitan a reflexionar sobre nuestro presente; sobre el rol social de la universidad, la equidad en el acceso, las responsabilidades de ciudadanos y gobernantes, las políticas urbanísticas y el desarrollo de la ciudad, entre otras materias.

"Abstract: Rhynchosia Lour. has a pantropical distribution and comprises approximately 230 species, of which ca. 55 occur in the Neotropics and 31 in South America. The only existing taxonomic review that treated the South American species of the genus was carried out in 1978. It does not account for many new collections and several recently described species, and the delimitation of taxa remains problematic. Consequently, we undertook a comprehensive review of the South American species of Rhynchosia and present here a new taxonomic revision. The revision is based on our own fieldwork, extensive study of the relevant literature, and analysis of ca. 2000 herbarium collections including the nomenclatural types for all published names that have been linked to the South American taxa of Rhynchosia. Twenty-seven species are recorded for South America, where they are distributed in a variety of open and forested habitats, with the greatest diversity concentrated in the Cerrado domain. Most of the South American taxa are widely distributed in this region and some also occur in Central and North America. Rhynchosia minima is the only species in South America with a larger distribution that extends to the Old World. We provide an identification key, morphological descriptions for all of the recorded taxa, information about the nomenclatural types, synonyms, geographical distributions, habitats, phenology, and conservation status, as well as distribution maps, illustrations and photos of selected species in the field. We present six new synonymizations and 50 lectotypifications, of which 30 are second-step. Keywords: Cajaninae, diversity, Fabaceae, Neotopics"--Page 4.