This volume comprises the proceedings of the International Workshop on Eco logical Goal Functions, held at the Schleswig-Holstein Cultural Center of Salzau, August 30 -September 4, 1996. The conference - first in a series - intended to be convened at Salzau at 1 -2 year intervals to address various aspects of theo retical and application-oriented ecology, was initiated, organized and carried out under the auspices of the Ecology Center of the Kiel University. It featured key note addresses, invited lectures, submitted papers, and posters. 32 contributions written by authors from eight countries, were selected to be presented in this book. From the very rich discussions of the workshop, some general characteristics emerged which might become important for a deeper understanding of the nature of evolving systems or, in other words, systems with a history, described by variables with a high degree of interdependence. These characteristics include the following: Speaking of 'goal functions' is a convenient 'fa~on de parler', since a logical analysis of the formal structure of teleological and causal explanations shows that both are analogous with regard to the inherent structural typology and the basic mode of explanation. Teleological interpretations introduce motives or objectives of actors into the set of 'antecedens' conditions relevant for system evolution, and are consequently a subset of causal interpretations.

"Neighbors and contemporaries of the Greeks, Etruscans, and Romans, the Celts received inspiration from these advanced civlizations, which set their own creativity in motion. The distinctive Celtic style of art was born, with ornament as its outstanding feature. Naturalistic depiction was never its goal. On the contrary, plants and living creatures were dissected into their individual components and reassembled, were concealed and hidden, distorted and defamiliarized. This book explains the archaeological and historic context of each period, in order to obtain a better understanding of the development and significance of Celtic art and craftsmanship. The catalog contains forty "masterpeices", all outstanding examples illustrating the development of Celtic art. Finally, "101 motifs" demonstrate the varied links within Celtic ornament over the course of time and across Europe"--P. [4] of Cover.

Neighbors and contemporaries of the Greeks, Etruscans, and Romans, the Celts received inspiration from these advanced civlizations, which set their own creativity in motion. The distinctive Celtic style of art was born, with ornament as its outstanding feature. Naturalistic depiction was never its goal. On the contrary, plants and living creatures were dissected into their individual components and reassembled, were concealed and hidden, distorted and defamiliarized. This book explains the archaeologicaland historic context of each period, in order to obtain a better understanding of the development and significance of Celtic art and craftsmanship. The catalog contains forty "masterpeices", all outstanding examples illustrating the development of Celticart. Finally, "101 motifs" demonstrate the varied links within Celtic ornament over the course of time and across Europe.--Cover.

This book shows the many facets of African engagements with the world. It starts from the premise that current global asymmetries ascribing Africa to a marginalized position are the effects of colonial and imperial pasts still lingering on. The decolonization process of the post-war structure which privileges the West in both political and economic terms. While new dependencies emerged, several old bonds were maintained and continue to influence African affairs quite strikingly. It is appropriate, then, to call these continued unequal relations between Africa and the West frankly 'neo-colonial'. This designation applies all the more as the post-colonial states of Africa inherited a complex legacy of foreign rule – colonial frontiers, colonial languages, colonial infrastructure and authoritarian institutions, as well as the social intricacies and imbalances so characteristic of the 'colonial situation'. The contributions to this volume look at various aspects of these complex processes from intellectual history perspectives. The topics dealt with are manifold. Contributions deliberately attack key themes, ideas and discourses of an intellectual history of Africa ('state', 'modernity', 'development', 'dependency', 'art', etc.), and introduce important engaged public intellectuals from Africa and the African diaspora. What is Africa, and how is she related to the rest of the world? How can she overcome her internal problems and her external dependencies? – These are perennial questions critically tackled by Africans throughout the 20th century. Dealing with various cases looked at from a variety of perspectives, the contributions to this book offer original insights into the intellectual history of Africa.

Master's Thesis from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Miscellaneous, grade: 1,3, University of Hohenheim, course: Markets and Consumption, language: English, abstract: From the industrialized countries to newly industrializing and developing countries of the world, violence and crime threaten social stability and are becoming major obstacles in development. It is a global phenomenon that results in the loss of property and/or lives, creates misery and is one of the most harmful social problems throughout the world. Several scholars estimate these costs with $160 billion up to $3,500 billion annually for the United States. Given these tremendous negative effects, it has become of central interest to policy makers and scholars of economics, sociology, and criminology. Understanding the determinant factors of crime is critical and provides a powerful tool to drastically reduce costs to society. Furthermore, there is no doubt that the business cycle has an omnipresent effect on economic activity, employment, individuals, and a variety of other social and economic variables.

Betr. Funde aus dem Kt. Bern.