Background. The clinical electroretinogram is a flash-evoked potential of the retina recorded by surface electrodes. The electroretinography is a noninvasive and objective examination which has been - nonstandardised - in clinical practice for many years. International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) wishes to standardise electroretinographicexamination and had therefore published parameters, which should be considered in laboratories to record more comparable results. Aim ofthis study was to record first electroretinographic responses according to ISCEV standards at the University Institute for Clinical Electrophysiology, totest the recommended procedures and mode of examination with the elaborationof normative values. This will enable the laboratory to accept the standardised examination in its routine clinical practice. We also tested a new laboratory produced non-corneal HK-loop electrode. Methods. Electroretinograms (ERGs) were performed in 40 healthy volunteers and 12 patients with retinitis pigmentosa. As active electrodes we used non-corneal HK-loop electrodes. The preparation of patients as well as parameters of the electroretinographic system were adjusted according to the ISCEV standards. Results obtained in a group of volunteers produced normative electroretinographic data. The electroretinographic responses of patients withretinitis pigmentosa were compared with those obtained in healthy volunteers. Conclusions. The method proved to be efficient in electrophysiological evaluation of retinal function. Our volunteers and patients reported the non-corneal HK-loop electrode comfortable and we find itstable and sensitive enough for reliable flash ERG recording. Variability ofthe ERG signals recorded with HK-loop electrode was approximately in the same range as reported with corneal electrodes. (Abstract truncated at 2000 characters).

Background: Electrooculography (EOG) is important noninvasive electrodiagnostic test for evaluating the function of the retinal pigment epithelium and retinal photoreceptors. Till now none among the existing electrophysiologic methods in Slovenia could detect the function of the retinal pigment epithelium. In 1993 the Intemational Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) accepted standards for recording and confirming normal values for electrooculograms under defined conditions to improve the comparability of the electrooculographic data throughout the world. EOG is one of the crucial diagnostic tests for Best's dystrophy, which is second most common hereditary macular dystrophy. The etiology of the disease is not yet completely understood, the genetic linkage analysis mapped the disease causing gene to chromosome 11. The histopathologic and electrophysiologic studies disagree whether the primary site of the lesion is the retinal pigment epithelium or the neurosensory retina. AimsČ The aim of the study was to develop electrooculography in accordance with ISCEV standardsand to test its accuracy in the diagnosis of Bestćs disease, where the EOG results should be invariably abnormal in all affected members. For detecting early abnormality of neurosensory retina in patients with Best's disease pattem electroretinography (PERG) was used, which was compared to visual acuity. Patients and methodsČ The EOG was recorded on 30 healthy individuals, whose age ranged from 22 to 39 years. The optimum type of analysis was chosen and the normal values were determined. Then EOG was recorded on 25 patients from 6 families with presumed Bestćs disease, whose age ranged from 9 to 73 years. The anamnesis was taken from all the patients. They were clinically examined and visual acuity was determined. Patients: fundi were photographed and fluorescein angiography was done on adult patients. (Abstract truncated at 2000 characters).