The Global Climate Action Agenda (GCAA) covers a wealth of cooperative action between governments, cities, businesses, non-governmental organisations and citizens. Non-state climate initiatives under the GCAA represent a key means to rapidly bridge the gaps in current climate action. This report identifies some 300 international cooperative initiatives worldwide, noting Nordic stakeholders among the most active participants within these initiatives. The analysis recommends continued Nordic support for initiatives with strong commitments to effective and transparent action. It also filters out 7 mitigation, adaptation and/or finance related initiatives of particular interest for Nordics. They are well aligned with the 2019 Declaration on Nordic Carbon Neutrality by the Nordic prime ministers and represent major opportunities for accelerated climate action - also within Nordic countries.

Negotiations on climate change are entering a new phase now that the discussions after the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol have started. This book gives a comprehensive survey of present issues and proposals, as well as an overview of future options, in a quantitative and qualitative manner. These options are followed by an assessment, plus fresh proposals for a future international climate regime after 2012. What is Next after the Kyoto Protocol? provides an ideal reference to understand the current status of the climate negotiations. The book is timely and leaves the reader well-informed. It prepares and updates the reader to take part in the climate change discussions or to assess these, based on academic findings and analysis. The book can be read both in-depth as well as with a bird's eye view, since it is well-structured and includes a summary and introduction.

International Cooperative Initiatives (ICIs) could hold significant promise for closing the global emissions gap between a pathway to a 2°C warming limit and current national emission reduction pledges. This report examines a selection of these ICIs to explore their potential for delivering additional greenhouse gas mitigation and for raising ambition at national and international levels. It concludes that there are a range of ICIs already making an important contribution. Many have potential to scale-up their activities and could offer promising new channels for public climate finance

In December 2015 Parties adopted the Paris Agreement at the 21st session of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). In its Article 2 governments agreed to limit global warming to “well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels” and to pursue to limit it to 1.5°C (UNFCCC 2015). The UNEP Emissions Gap Report 2015 showed that a gap of 14 GtCO2e exists for 2030 between the (unconditional) mitigation proposals submitted by Parties as part of their intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) and a pathway compatible with holding temperature increase below 2°C (UNEP 2015b). Based on an analysis of 174 initiatives the study analyses the potential impact of these initiatives on GHG emissions in comparison to INDCs, identifies good practices shared by these initiatives and further discusses the relationship between these initiatives and the UNFCCC. The results inter alia reveal a global reduction potential of 5-11 GtCO2 equivalents/year of 19 initiatives till 2030.