This report assesses the effectiveness of correctional education programs for both incarcerated adults and juveniles and the cost-effectiveness of adult correctional education. It also provides results of a survey of U.S. state correctional education directors that give an up-to-date picture of what correctional education looks like today. Finally, the authors offer recommendations for improving the field of correctional education moving forward.

Given the unprecedented demands on the U.S. military since 2001 and the risks posed by stress and trauma, there has been growing concern about the prevalence and consequences of sleep problems. This first-ever comprehensive review of military sleep-related policies and programs, evidence-based interventions, and barriers to achieving healthy sleep offers a detailed set of actionable recommendations for improving sleep across the force.

Studies suggest that the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001's goal of 100 percent of U.S. students proficient in reading and mathematics by 2014 will not be met. The authors recommend more-uniform state academic standards and teacher requirements and broader measures of student learning, including more subjects and tests of higher-thinking and problem-solving skills.

Why do some individuals engage in political violence in Yemen, while others do not? We examine the role that social, political, and economic factors play on individual behavior toward violence in the midst of Yemen’s bloody and multiyear civil war. We use a unique national survey conducted in Yemen in 2016 to better understand why Yemenis may reject political violence despite persistent conflict and civil unrest across the country.

Provides an overview of the plan for reforming the welfare system based on a new program called CalWORKs.

This report aims to identify promising directions for restructuring programs of military education and training to make them more effective, affordable, and efficient. The document is motivated in part by the Department of Defense's Quadrennial Defense Review, which is examining ways to modernize and improve all DoD programs in light of the sweeping changes that have occurred in the past several years. The report summarizes results and insights from a number of RAND studies that assessed alternative concepts for restructuring military training programs within and across the military services. Most of the research discussed within comes from work conducted in RAND's Arroyo Center, the Army's federally funded research and development center (FFRDC) for studies and analysis. However, where appropriate, the report draws upon research conducted in RAND's two other military FFRDCs-the National Defense Research Institute (NDRI), which serves the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the defense agencies; and Project AIR FORCE, which serves the Air Force.

"Pressures inside and outside the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) to reduce the incidence of problematic behaviors within the military are inducing the Office of the Secretary of Defense to rethink how it is organized to oversee and coordinate DoD's varied behavior-mitigation efforts. This report provides the results of a RAND study that examined the integration of programs for addressing a specified set of problematic behaviors: sexual harassment, sexual assault, unlawful discrimination, substance abuse, suicide, and hazing. The report combines the results of the two major lines of research: the first related to the development of a typology of common problematic behavior risk and protective factors and prevention methods based on a review of the behavioral science literature, and the second related to the organization, coordination, oversight, and managerial practices of programs to address problematic behavior based on document analysis and policy discussions with DoD and service headquarters officials. Following a discussion of findings from the two lines of research, the report lays out a series of recommendations for the Office of the Secretary of Defense to improve its understanding of the interrelationships among problematic behaviors and its oversight and coordination of programs to address those behaviors"--Publisher's description.

This report makes three essential points: The world has changed following the foundational defense planning in the 2014 Quadrennial Defense Review; emerging and growing threats increase the likelihood that U.S. commitments in key regions will be challenged; and planned cuts to the U.S. Army will result in too few ground forces to satisfy declared commitments. In light of these concerns, this report addresses the U.S. Army capacity needed - as part of a joint, interagency, intergovernmental, and multinational force - to help the nation achieve its highest-level national security interests and mitigate the most important risks. The authors consider the terror threat in North Africa, the Middle East, and Afghanistan; potential Russian aggression against NATO Baltic states; and the threats posed by North Korea, including "loose nukes." In these three contexts, the authors assess the capability of the nation to satisfy existing commitments, given planned force reductions to the U.S. Army. The authors outline shortcomings and propose actions necessary to maintain an Army of sufficient force to satisfy U.S. commitments, meet threats with force, and avoid strategic failure and regret.

To develop metrics that can inform decisionmaking for awarding predisaster mitigation grants, the authors established three lines of effort (LoEs) for analysis. Each LoE produced a metric or framework that could support grant decisionmaking.