Abstract: There are several differential diagnoses of unilateral sinus disease. One of these is inverted papilloma (IP) of the maxillary sinus, which is a common benign tumor with a substantial rate of malignant transformation. In general, endoscopic endonasal techniques for addressing the tumor are favored nowadays instead of classical external approaches. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the long-term outcome of inverted papilloma treated endoscopically via the prelacrimal approach. We reviewed 17 patients with primary or recurrent IP of the maxillary sinus that were treated via the prelacrimal endoscopic endonasal technique. After a median follow-up period of 45.9 months (3.8 years), none of the 17 included patients showed signs of recurrent disease and no serious complications were reported. Hypoesthesia of the incisors was reported by four patients and was resolved with time in one. All of the maxillary sinuses could be fully visualized with the flexible endoscope. IP is an important differential diagnosis in the clinical finding of unilateral nasal polypoid lesions. The prelacrimal approach is an effective and safe method in the treatment of IP with limited patient morbidity

Abstract: Over the past two decades, the emergence of multiple carbon market segments has led to fragmentation of governance of international carbon markets. International baseline-and-credit systems for greenhouse gas mitigation have been repeatedly expected to wither away, but show significant resilience. Still, Parties to the Paris Agreement have struggled to finalize rules for market-based cooperation under Article 6, which are still being negotiated. Generally, there is tension between international top-down and bottom-up governance. The former was pioneered through the Clean Development Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol and is likely to be utilized for the Article 6.4 mechanism, while the latter was used for the first track of Joint Implementation and will be applied for Article 6.2. Voluntary carbon markets governed bottom-up and outside the Kyoto Protocol by private institutions have recently gained importance by offering complementary project types and methodological approaches. Th

This project aimed to deliver a contribution to the discussions about Article 6 of the Paris Agreement under the UNFCCC. The report is intended to show the interrelationships and backgrounds in individual questions concerning the design of cooperative approaches under Article 6 and thus contributes to informed decision-making. Selected design options are elaborated and presented by the authors as examples. This report does not represent a position of the German government. The responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors.

Dieses Projekt hatte zum Ziel einen Beitrag zu den Diskussionen um Artikel 6 des Pariser Abkommens unter der Klimarahmenkonvention der Vereinten Nationen beizusteuern. Der Bericht zielt darauf ab die Zusammenhänge und Hintergründe in einzelnen Fragestellungen zur Ausgestaltung von kooperativen Ansätzen unter Artikel 6 aufzuzeigen und so zu fundierten Entscheidungen beizutragen. Ausgewählte Gestaltungsoptionen werden von den Autorinnen und Autoren exemplarisch herausgearbeitet und vorgestellt. Diese Veröffentlichung stellt keine Position der deutschen Bundesregierung dar. Die Verantwortung für den Inhalt dieser Veröffentlichung liegt bei den Autorinnen und Autoren.

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