Chronic kidney disease is an increasing health and economical problem in our world. Obesity and diabetes mellitus, the two most common cause of CKD, are becoming epidemic in our societies. Education on healthy lifestyle and diet is becoming more and more important for reducing the number of type 2 diabetics and patients with hypertension. Education of our patients is also crucial for successful maintenance therapy. There are, however, certain other factors leading to CKD, for instance the genetic predisposition in the case of polycystic kidney disease or type 1 diabetes, where education alone is not enough.

Urethral reconstructive surgery has always been a challenging part for urologist since the dawn of our speciality. In this book leading experts in lower urinary reconstructions from all over the world present their views and experience in that field, together with practical tips and tricks. The book is an excellent source of information for those who are already dealing with urethral surgery, and also an invaluable companion for urologists in training or those who want to dedicate themselves to this great sub-specialty. This book is an excellent reference guide and companion on the way to operating and consulting room, or when writing an article and reviewing the current practices. The abundance of methods and continuing development of new approaches to the problem prove the complexity of it.