Interessenkonflikte sind ein schwieriges Thema in der Medizin: Sehr viele Forschungsvorhaben werden vonseiten der Industrie unterstützt, so dass bei Publikationen schnell der Verdacht eines Interessenkonflikts aufkommt. Aber auch niedergelassene Ärzte und ihre Besucher vom pharmazeutischen Außendienst können von solchen Konflikten betroffen sein. In dem Band werden die Hintergründe und Lösungsmöglichkeiten bei Interessenkonflikten aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive beleuchtet.

The development of new techniques such as immuno phenotyping, cytogenetic investigations and, more recently, molecular studies has considerably increased our diagnostic repertoire and broadened our ideas about the biology of acute leukemias. While immunophenotyping with mono clonal antibodies has yielded increased diagnostic precision and made it possible to develop a highly reproducible classification of acute leukemias based on cell-biological features, further insights have been gained into the patho genetic mechanisms involved in leukemogenesis by means of cytogenetic detection of acquired structural chromosomal abnormalities. Analysis of the leukemia-associated chromo somal breakpoints using molecular techniques can now pinpoint many genomic sites essential for normal develop ment and maturation of hematopoietic cells but functionally disrupted in leukemic cells. The main goal of the international workshop that we held in Berlin with a select group of scientists and clinicians involved in leukemia research was to describe the state of the art and new developments in the immunologic, cytogenetic, and molecular characterization of acute leukemias and to discuss the clinical importance of cell biological features. After introductory survey lectures dealing with the immunological and molecular-biological characteristics of normal vs. malignant lymphatic and myeloid progenitor cells, the workshop centered on con tributions characterizing the immunophenotype and both numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities in acute leukemias.

Abstract: Introduction The US opioid crisis and increasing prescription rates in Europe suggest inappropriate risk perceptions and behaviours of people who prescribe, take or advise on opioids: physicians, patients and pharmacists. Findings from cognitive and decision science in areas other than drug safety suggest that people's risk perception and behaviour can differ depending on whether they learnt about a risk through personal experience or description. Experiencing the risk of overutilising opioids among patients with chronic non-cancer pain in ambulatory care (ERONA) is the first-ever conducted trial that aims at investigating the effects of these two modes of learning on individuals' risk perception and behaviour in the long-term administration of WHO-III opioids in chronic non-cancer pain. Methods and analysis ERONA--an exploratory, randomised controlled online survey intervention trial with two parallel arms--will examine the opioid-associated risk perception and behaviour of four groups involved in the long-term administration of WHO-III opioids: (1) family physicians, (2) physicians specialised in pain therapy, (3) patients with chronic (≥3 months) non-cancer pain and (4) pharmacists who regularly dispense narcotic substances. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two online risk education interventions, description based or experiencebased. Both interventions will present the best medical evidence available. Participants will be queried at baseline and after intervention on their risk perception of opioids' benefit-harm ratio, their medical risk literacy and their current/intended risk behaviour (in terms of prescribing, taking or counselling, depending on study group). A follow-up will occur after 9 months, when participants will be queried on their actual risk behaviour. The study was developed by the authors and will be conducted by the market research institution IPSOS Health. Ethics and dissemination The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Max Planck Institute for Human Development. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and social media. Trial registration number DRKS00020358