In der Frühen Neuzeit entstehen mit den sogenannten Rechenbüchern neben den traditionellen lateinischen mathematischen Werken eine große Anzahl von Texten in deutscher Sprache für ein illiterates Publikum; diese haben somit einen beachtenswerten Anteil an der Ausbildung einer deutschen wissensvermittelnden Literatur. Das erste umfangreiche Rechenbuch verfaßt 1489 J. Widmann (etwa 1460/65 bis nach 1504), welches hier in einer vollständigen Edition unter Einarbeitung der Nachdrucke, ergänzt durch Informationen zu Leben und Werk des Autors, einer mathematikhistorischen Einordnung sowie Kurzkommentar, Maßverzeichnis und Glossar vorliegt. Auf der Grundlage einer pragmatisch orientierten Textlinguistik wird in einem zweiten Teil ein Analysemodell entwickelt, welches neben Untersuchungen der grammatischen, thematischen und illokutiven Textebene auch Überlegungen zur Produktionssituation, zur Autorintention, zur Textfunktion oder zum Adressatenkreis einschließt. Durchgeführt wird diese Analyse schwerpunktmäßig an mathematischen deutschsprachigen Texten, vergleichend aber auch an Texten aus anderen Fachbereichen (z.B. Architektur, Schreiben, Bergbau), in anderen Sprachen (z.B. Latein, Okzitanisch, Französisch) und aus späteren Jahrhunderten (bis heute). So gelingt die Beschreibung eines Teils der Textsortengeschichte des Deutschen im Rahmen einer europäischen Kulturgeschichte.

Knowledge is limited as to how prior SARS-CoV-2 infection influences cellular and humoral immunity after booster-vaccination with bivalent BA.4/5-adapted mRNA-vaccines, and whether vaccine-induced immunity correlates with subsequent infection. In this observational study, individuals with prior infection (n=64) showed higher vaccine-induced anti-spike IgG antibodies and neutralizing titers, but the relative increase was significantly higher in non-infected individuals (n=63). In general, both groups showed higher neutralizing activity towards the parental strain than towards Omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5. In contrast, CD4 or CD8 T-cell levels towards spike from the parental strain and the Omicron subvariants, and cytokine expression profiles were similar irrespective of prior infection. Breakthrough infections occurred more frequently among previously non-infected individuals, who had significantly lower vaccine-induced spike-specific neutralizing activity and CD4 T-cell levels. Thus, the magnitude of vaccine-induced neutralizing activity and specific CD4 T-cells after bivalent vaccination may serve as a correlate for protection in previously non-infected individuals.

Abstract: Background Lower respiratory tract infections are among the main causes of death. Although there are many respiratory viruses, diagnostic efforts are focused mainly on influenza. The Respiratory Viruses Network (RespVir) collects infection data, primarily from German university hospitals, for a high diversity of infections by respiratory pathogens. In this study, we computationally analysed a subset of the RespVir database, covering 217,150 samples tested for 17 different viral pathogens in the time span from 2010 to 2019. Methods We calculated the prevalence of 17 respiratory viruses, analysed their seasonality patterns using information-theoretic measures and agglomerative clustering, and analysed their propensity for dual infection using a new metric dubbed average coinfection exclusion score (ACES). Results After initial data pre-processing, we retained 206,814 samples, corresponding to 1,408,657 performed tests. We found that Influenza viruses were reported for almost the half of all infections and that they exhibited the highest degree of seasonality. Coinfections of viruses are frequent; the most prevalent coinfection was rhinovirus/bocavirus and most of the virus pairs had a positive ACES indicating a tendency to exclude each other regarding infection. Conclusions The analysis of respiratory viruses dynamics in monoinfection and coinfection contributes to the prevention, diagnostic, treatment, and development of new therapeutics. Data obtained from multiplex testing is fundamental for this analysis and should be prioritized over single pathogen testing